AI for American-produced cement and concrete (engineering.fb.com)

71 points by latchkey 2 hours ago

georgeburdell a minute ago

Wrong day to release this. I had to read halfway through the release before realizing it’s legitimate.

Animats an hour ago

Hand-held devices for testing concrete properties would be more useful. Most concrete problems come from a bad mix - too much water, not enough cement, etc. Concrete testing usually involves cutting a core out of the poured slab and sending it to a lab. Something where you stick a probe in the mix and can reject it before pouring would help. Here are some on-site concrete testers.[1] They're heavy and a pain to use.

There should be an app for this. But that's so last-decade.

[1] https://store.forneyonline.com/concrete-testing-equipment/fr...

MisterTea an hour ago

On-site, before pouring, they use the slump test: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_slump_test

sidewndr46 37 minutes ago

Glad to see someone pointed this out. The test consists of a bucket, plywood board & a stopwatch.

jauntywundrkind 18 minutes ago

harimau777 an hour ago

I'm surprised the ratios for a given situation isn't standardized by now. Is it just people cutting corners?

Aurornis an hour ago

Working with multiple tons of material that dries out as you move it around is hard. There are a lot of steps between the concrete being mixed and when it finally reaches the pour.

Cutting out a piece of a slab and sending it to a lab is for post-pour validation in serious construction. There are pre-pour tests that are much simpler depending on the seriousness of what you’re building.

The slump test is rather simple, for example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_slump_test

It’s basically a cone with handles and a procedure that’s easy to learn.

m4rkuskk an hour ago

They are standardized for a given mix. A mix design that is based on a trial badge is submitted to the SEOR prior to pouring anything. The mix design shows the ratios ingredients (cementitious materials, find and coarse aggregates, water, air, admixtures). But Concrete is still a non-homogeneous material with lots of variations. Take for instance aggregates, if it rained the last two weeks, the moisture content will be higher but it may only be a layer on that pile. Same goes for gradation (particle size of the rock). Sometimes you get a batch with smaller rock. There are a 100 things that can go wrong to get bad mud.

But yeah, there are concrete plants that cut corners and try to save on cement (the most expensive part of the mix), which depending on the project may bite them in the ass when they have to pay to fixing it.

themafia 39 minutes ago

When you're making tons of something process variations get magnified.

no_shadowban_6 16 minutes ago

LMFAO good one bro.

Who do you think I'm going to believe? Some dumbass construction worker or a billion dollar AGI?

I'll be counting my money while you're busy getting replaced.

knicholes 11 minutes ago

Yikes, what a flippant comment. The mix composition (meta's AI is helping with this) is separate from the wet concrete product. The parent is suggesting a way to test that the mix is properly mixed before pouring, not suggesting a way for construction workers to determine that the chemical properties of the mix will be correct on site. Furthermore, they're not even using LLMs, so it's not "AGI".

michaelmrose 13 minutes ago

Do you actually see construction workers being replaced? We need more stuff built than we have people or time. We have spent a century improving process and tools and if we 10 years from now could build 3 times as much with the same people we would find a use for them all.

no_shadowban_6 10 minutes ago

wxw 2 hours ago

Awesome. People take concrete for granted. Even at small scales (e.g. your patio) with formulas provided on the cement bag, concrete can go wrong (crazing, scaling, cracks). There's a lot of unappreciated craft in the work, not only in the composition and mixing, which is what this research seems dedicated to, but also in the placing, leveling, curing, finishing.

alephnerd 2 hours ago

^ This.

Civil Engineering is hard, and concrete is a perfect example of how something as "simple" as concrete in reality requires significant interdisciplinary collaboration with domain experts in ChemE, MatSE, Physics, Applied Math, and CS.

Some of the most robust HPC applications I saw back when I was an undergrad were done by Civil and Structural Engineers in the ONG space.

kevin_thibedeau 2 hours ago

> As a result, producers need a way to rapidly explore and validate new formulations without spending months in the lab.

How do you bypass the normal process of pouring test articles and testing them months and years after cure? This is fundamentally a research activity that needs to conduct verifiable science. Not something you can guess at with an LLM.

sebastianeament an hour ago

Hi, I developed the model. We are not bypassing the regular testing process, and are not using LLMs, but Gaussian processes with vetted test data. The predictions are used as recommendations for onsite testing, to accelerate finding mixtures with optimal strength-speed-sustainability trade-offs.

Isamu 25 minutes ago

That’s helpful. So instead of a much larger test matrix you are using a model to reduce that to the most likely candidates, right?

sebastianeament 14 minutes ago

woah an hour ago

Somebody needs to coin a new term for the scattershot zero-thought AI griping that is pervasive in online comments these days. Meatslop?

Obviously it's going to be more productive for a manufacturer to do a years-long curing test on 100 likely candidates instead of 100 random mixes. They obviously already screen candidates through traditional methods, but if this AI technique improves accuracy, all the better.

romaniv 25 minutes ago

The current strategy of the AI hype machine is to exhaust people's reserves of attention by presenting a never-ending stream of hard-to-verify "positive" claims. It's Gish Gallop done on the Internet scale with a never-ending parade of tech influencers, proxy "journalists" and low-value accounts. The whole strategy aims for saturation and demoralized acceptance.

It's no surprise that people readjust their immediate reactions by expressing hostility and skepticism about anything AI-related without spending much time on analysis. In fact, it's an entirely rational repones.

Complaining about it without acknowledging the larger picture is disingenuous.

In this particular case, using the term "machine learning" would likely avoid the immediate negative reaction.

Waterluvian 19 minutes ago

dcre an hour ago

I call it pseudo-critique — active stupidity in the name of critical thinking — but that’s too general.

mathisfun123 an hour ago

mathisfun123 an hour ago

hn discourse is not nearly as high-quality as people would like to believe.

rootusrootus an hour ago

postexitus 2 hours ago

What part of move fast and break things did you not understand?

simianwords 2 hours ago

It doesn't use an LLM

ortusdux 2 hours ago

bluedino 2 hours ago

All the chemical companies do it. They pair it with testing, but still.

tartoran 2 hours ago

They have a new scapegoat to blame if things turn out badly.

plagiarist 2 hours ago

Why do they need AI for that? Just create another LLC, manslaughter any number of people, then have that LLC declare bankruptcy. Zero consequences.

parliament32 2 hours ago

guzfip 3 minutes ago

The same idiot who revolutionized VR technology is coming for concrete now too.

What did Facebook just quite and AI company and a concrete company?

ajkjk 2 hours ago

They sure are stretching to find a way to make this have something to do with being pro-America.

devsda 6 minutes ago

That part made me double check the date today and now I'm not sure.

k33n 26 minutes ago

Increasing the quality and quantity of domestic cement output will provide a pretty clear national benefit.

barbazoo 2 hours ago

> Meta’s AI for concrete model can help suppliers more quickly incorporate U.S. materials into their mixes through an approach called adaptive experimentation.

> Proposes high-potential candidates: The AI suggests new mixes most likely to meet target specifications and can compare performance between U.S.-made and foreign materials

US imports 22% of its cement

> In 2024, Portland and blended cement were produced in 99 plants in 34 U.S. states, led by Texas, Missouri, California, and Florida. Nevertheless, there was significant import reliance. Net imports were 22% of total consumption, with the major source countries being Turkey (32%), Canada (22%), and Vietnam (10%). U.S. exports of cement last year were negligible.

https://www.constructconnect.com/construction-economic-news/....

I'm assuming this isn't for national security reasons, probably more to help the domestic industry deal with tariffs. I hope Meta used their extensive connections to the government.

ortusdux 2 hours ago

Tangentially related, but there is a new generation of trucks that mix the concrete on-site. They can output small batches and change the mix on the fly. They solve a lot of headaches!

https://cementech.com/volumetric-technology/

m4rkuskk 34 minutes ago

This may work on a small scale, not in most commercial use cases. A typical deck pour (400cy) will pour at 70-80cy/hr. you got 9-10cy/truck. Meaning you have 7 to 8 minutes to back in the truck, empty it into the hopper and leave. You barely have time to add water to the mix. Most high-volume concrete plants are "dry-batch", which means all the ingredients get dumped into the drum and the concrete will get mixed while driving to the project site. Also, changing mixes on the fly will not "fly". No one is going to authorize the adjustment, because what happens when the mix doesn't meet specs... It will need to get chipped out.

ortusdux 11 minutes ago

The target audience of these trucks is sub-10cy jobs. It allows companies to cater to smaller customers at a premium.

zozbot234 an hour ago

Concrete mixer trucks are not new at all actually, they've been around for a long time.

richwater 42 minutes ago

Traditional trucks pick up cement from a facility and rotate it to keep it from setting. They don't mix it on the fly. Any extra is considered waste is poured out.

Mr_P 2 hours ago

I had to double check that this wasn't an April Fools joke. The GitHub project has commits from 2 weeks ago, so it's not.

Looking more closely though, this looks a lot like the Google "AI Cookie" from 2017, which also used Bayesian Optimization: https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/research/ma...

sebastianeament an hour ago

Google's "Smart Cookie" indeed also used techniques from Bayesian Optimization. For some technical detail, see their write-up here: https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.c...

Our work on concrete here differs in that the problem is both 1) an inherently time-varying, and 2) multi-objective. See our write-up here for details: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.18288

scythe 25 minutes ago

The website talks about making cement, but only describes making concrete. Making concrete involves mixing cement and fillers with water under controlled conditions. Making cement involves heating calcium carbonates and oxides with silicon dioxide or calcium silicate to form alite at a temperature of (so far as we understand) no less than 1250 C. Usually this is done with fossil fuels and any impurities in the raw materials (which are cost-constrained) go up the flue, making cement plants rather polluting. Carbon dioxide is a nearly inevitable byproduct (CaCO3 + SiO2 >> CaSiO3 + CO2) and is either captured at source (not implemented at most facilities) or released.

There is plenty of room for improvement in cement production. I'm not sure exactly how to apply AI to it but I guess I was hoping for more than this. If we are going to have the infrastructure renaissance that keeps being talked up by reformists of various stripes, we need more cement.

South America is also a surprising laggard in cement production, which is odd considering they have the materials and they need the roads. I think that environmental concerns and a continental aversion to coal might contribute.

martinclayton 2 hours ago

Wet cement is kind of sloppy, so this makes some sense.

simonw 2 hours ago

I hate April Fools day so much. Is this a joke? I genuinely cannot tell.

danbrooks an hour ago

It's not a joke - but it sure feels suspicious :D

triceratops an hour ago

Not nearly entertaining enough to be one.

charcircuit an hour ago

The date on the article is March 30th.

gwbas1c 2 hours ago

I honestly thought this was going to be an April Fools gag.

seemaze 2 hours ago

First there was the rampocalypse. Then there was cementpocalypse. Let just hope the AI datacenters don't latch on to biofuel to supplement their energy requirements. It's just more profitable for farmers to sell calories to the AI overlords, the consumer food market is just a low margin grind.

alephnerd 2 hours ago

Most large scale DC projects I've know are primarily leveraging solar with grid batteries because of the low upfront cost and state incentives.

seemaze an hour ago

Apologies for the sarcasm. I appreciate the drive for renewables the current AI DC buildout brings with it.

I have real fears that building materials will experience the same inflationary pressures computer memory is currently experiencing. The U.S. TSMC and Intel fab construction alone in the last couple years has had an outsized impact on building costs.

gostsamo 2 hours ago

The masons just showed up their involvement with AI and everything wrong in our times. The masks have fallen. /s

AngryData 2 hours ago

Jesus I hope they do proper testing for these experimental mixes and don't trust whatever random garbage AI decides you should mix in. This is exactly the kind of thing AI is absolutely terrible at because it has no logical skills or direct experience or ability to test it. If your AI coded stuff goes belly up, you get to try again. If your multi million dollar cement foundation turns out to be sub-par, thats multi million dollars to tear it out and then millions more to do it again right, and that is a best case scenario. The alternative is people dieing when their apartment building collapses.

sebastianeament an hour ago

We use Gaussian processes trained on vetted test data from academic and industry partners. We use these predictions to recommend mixes for onsite testing to accelerate finding mixtures with optimal strength-speed-sustainability trade-offs. None of the data and predictions go untested. The blog post goes into this in more detail.

m4rkuskk 21 minutes ago

What do you mean by "onsite testing"? Wouldn't this be part of the pre-submittal process?

k33n 30 minutes ago

AI isn’t just LLMs.

mrbonner an hour ago

Can you at least read the article before criticizing them? They explicitly call out that they use Bayesian Optimization (Gaussian process) thing for this. It is "AI" but not "LLM" like you think it is.