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Which year did we use steel to replace human workers and automate decision-making?

That's not his point at all. He advocates using LLMs.

The correct analogy is: if we just scale and improve steel enough, we'll get a flying car.

pro LLM people are the kings of ad hoc fallacy. Why did you type this? You can consistently test steel and get a good idea of when and where it will break in a system without knowing its molecular structure.

LLMs are literally stochastic by nature and can't be relied on for anything critical as its impossible to determine why they fail, regardless of the deterministic tooling you build around them.

Where did he say not to use LLMs? Oh that's right: he didn't.

The article I am responding to (which I've read) shows that these LLMs come with all sorts of hacks (= context bits) to make it behave more like this or more like that.

There is probably a whole testing workflow at AI companies to tweak each new model until it "looks" acceptable.

But they still don't understand what they are doing. This is purely empirical.

…months after it began.

Not OP, but I think the argument here would be not that LLMs "are not smart" but that smart is just the wrong category of thing to describe an LLM as.

A calculator can do very complex sums very quickly, but we don't tend to call it "smart" because we don't think it's operating intelligently to some internal model of the world. I think the "LLMs are AGI" crowd would say that LLMs are, but it's perfectly consistent to think the output of LLMs is consistent/impressive/useful, but still maintain that they aren't "smart" in any meaningful way.

> To me they seem to be pretty damn smart

That's the sorcery mentioned in the GP, the issue comes when people believe it to be smart however in reality it is just a next word prediction. Gives the impression it's actually thinking, and this is by design. Personally I think it's dangerous in the sense it gives users a false sense of confidence in the LLM and so a LOT of people will blindly trust it. This isn't a good thing.

LLMs are amazing. You can call them 'smart', but they're not intelligent and never will be.

They are useful but a cul de sac for heading toward AGI.

We understand the low level details of how they are constructed. But we do not fully understand how higher-level behavior emerges - it is a subject of active research.

For example:

https://arxiv.org/html/2210.13382v5

https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.06129

It's interesting that some people are responding to your comment as if this proves that AI is a sham or a joke. But I don't think that's what you're saying at all with your reference to Terence McKenna: this is a serious thing we're talking about here! These models are alien intelligences that could occupy an unimaginably vast space of possibilities (there are trillions of weights inside them), but which have been RL-ed over and over until they more or less stay within familiar reasonable human lines. But sometimes they stray outside the lines just a little bit, and then you see how strange this thing actually is, and how doubly strange it is that the labs have made it mostly seem kind of ordinary.

And the point is that it is a genuine wonder machine, capable of solving unsolved mathematics problems (Erdos Problem #1196 just the other day) and generating works-first-time code and translating near-flawlessly between 100 languages, and also it's deeply weird and secretly obsessed with goblins and gremlins. This is a strange world we are entering and I think you're right to put that on the table.

Yes, it's funny. But it's disturbing as well. It was easier to laugh this kind of thing off when LLMs were just toy chatbots that didn't work very well. But they are not toys now. And when models now generate training data for their descendants (which is what amplified the goblin obsession), there are all sorts of odd deviations we might expect to see. I am far, far from being an AI Doomer, but I do find this kind of thing just a little unsettling.

Spoiler: future versions of mainstream AIs will be fine tuned in the exact same way to subtly sneak in favorable mentions of sponsored products as part of their answers. And Chinese open-weight AIs will do the exact same thing, only about China, the Chinese government and the overarching themes of Xi Jinping Thought.

> Does nobody else laugh (…)

To an extent, yes. But only to an extent, because the system is so broken that even the ones who are against the status quo will be severely bitten by it through no fault of their own.

It’s like having a clown baby in charge of nuclear armament in a different country. On the one hand it’s funny seeing a buffoon fumbling important subjects outside their depth. It could make for great fictional TV. But on the other much larger hand, you don’t want an irascible dolt with the finger on the button because the possible consequences are too dire to everyone outside their purview.

Is this the "prompt engineering" that I keep hearing will be an indispensable job skill for software engineers in the AI-driven future? I had better start learning or I'll be replaced by someone who has.

Indeed. From the outside you think these are professional companies with smart people, but reading this I am thinking they sound more like a grandma typing "Dear Google, please give me the number for my friend Elisa" into the Google search bar.

Basically, they don't seem to understand their own product.. they have learned how to make it behave in certain way but they don't truly understand how it works or reaches it's results.

> Does nobody else laugh that a company supposedly worth more than almost anything else at the moment, is basically hacking around a load of text files telling their trillion dollar wonder machine it absolutely must stop talking to customers about goblins, gremlins and ogres?

Honestly, when I was reading the article, I couldn't stop laughing. This is quite hilarious!

It can be funny but it should not be surprising. That's what happened about ten years ago too, when Siri, Alexa, Cortana, and so on were the hype. Big tech companies publicly tried to outclass each other has having the best AI, so it was not about doing proper research and development, it was about building hacks, like giant regex databases for request matching.

It certainly doesn't increase my confidence that if they do ever create a superintelligence, that it won't have some weird unforseen preference that'll end up with us all dead.

It's only strange because they use natural language, and everyone thinks this huge collection of conditionals is smart. Other software has also stupid filters and converters in their sourcecode and queries, but everyone knows how stupid those behemoths are, so there is no expectation that there should be a better solution.

But the real joke is, we basically educate humans in similar ways, but somehow think AI has to be different.

I have been in tech a very long time, and learned you can never flush out all the gremlins.

Lol yeah it's kinda hilarious actually. This timeline gets a lot of well-earned shit, but it really nails the comic relief, I'll give it that!

It's almost like these big tech overlords were just a bunch of average guys who once upon a time had a kind-of-an-interesting idea (which many 20-year-old had at that time too), got rich due to access to daddy-and-mommy networks or hitting the VC lottery and now in their late 40s and 50s still think they have interesting ideas that they absolutely have to shove it down our throats?

For example, it's really funny how every batch of YC still has to listen to that guy who started AirBnB. Ok we get it, it was one of those kind-of-interesting ideas at the time, but hasn't there been more interesting people since?

"Latent space optimisation" > please please stop talking about goblins

> is basically hacking around a load of text files telling their trillion dollar wonder machine it absolutely must stop talking to customers about goblins, gremlins and ogres?

I wonder how the developer(s) felt, who had to push that PR.

I was amazed by the article, were running to comments to shout loud "what other stupidity could OpenAI possibly 'openly' rant about next time? Because they are so open, you se... ". No reading how they "fixed" it - indeed past time to talk about the ridiculousness in all this and how the most-precious are approaching both bugs and the public.

people are paying for the system prompt, right so?

Exactly my first thought. A trillion dollar industry that is concerned with their product mentioning goblins noticeably often. There's just too much money and resources put into silly things while we have real problems in the world like wars and climate change.

Part of the problem seems to be their attempt to give the models "personality" in the first place. It's very much a case of "Role-play that you have a personality. No, not like that!"

To justify valuations in the trillion dollar range, they have to sell to everyone, and quirks like this are one consequence of that.

We've lost control of the machines already

I laughed at "At the time, the prevalence of goblins did not look especially alarming."

Which McKenna do you mean?

These guys are at the absolute frontier, why can't they rigorously find the exact weights that are causing this problem? That's how software "engineering" should work. Not trying combinations of English words and hoping something works. This is like a brain surgeon talking to his patient hoping he can shock his brain in the right way that fries the tumor inside. Get in there and surgically remove the unwanted matter!

Also for coding: I often use prompts like "follow the structure of this existing feature as closely as possible".

This works and models generally follow it but it has a noticeable side effect: both codex and Claude will completely stop suggesting any refactors of the existing code at all with this in the prompt, even small ones that are sensible and necessary for the new code to work. Instead they start proposing messy hacks to get the new code to conform exactly to the old one

So, did your Claude switch from "You're absolutely right!" to "You're absolutely right." or was it deeper than that?

I had put an example like "decision locked" in my CLAUDE.md and a few days later 20 instances of Claude's responses had phrases around this. I thought it was a more general model tic until I had Claude look into it.

>there is a mushroom

Ketamine == angels

DMT == little shadow elves

Salvia == devils

...or so I've heard.

For context, an example of what happens when you feed the same image back in repeatedly: https://www.instagram.com/reels/DJFG6EDhIHs/

For me, the worst part is how these ghouls manage to ruin everything with their bullshit technology. Once they touch something unique and make it "AI" it just gets ruined. Now whenever I see something resembling that style, I have to assume it's the bullshit AI. And that's just a minor nuisance - now every underdeveloped idiot uses it to "up their game" with consequences we are only going to understand completely in the upcoming years.

Its called the piss filter

Maybe the only solution to GPTisms is infinite context. If I'm talking to my coworker every day I would consciously recognize when I already used a metaphor recently and switch it up. However if my memory got reset every hour, I certainly might tell the same story or use the same metaphor over and over.

Another possibility is output watermarking. It's possible to watermark LLM generated text by subtly biasing the probability distribution away from the actual target distribution. Given enough text you can detect the watermark quite quickly, which is useful for excluding your own output from pre-training (unless you want it... plenty of deliberate synthetic data in SFT datasets now as this post-mortem makes clear).

I was told this was possible many years ago by a researcher at Google and have never really seen much discussion of it since. My guess is the labs do it but keep quiet about it to avoid people trying to erase the watermark.

I think the problem is that humans are not random, they are very biased. When you try to capture this bias with an LLM you get a biased pseudo random model

thanks for this.

> the term originates from Michael Feathers Working Effectively with Legacy Code

I haven’t read the book but, taking the title and Amazon reviews at face value, I feel like this embodies Codex’s coding style as a whole. It treats all code like legacy code.

No, it’s not an established term outside the mentioned books, beyond the generic meaning of the word.

I can't say it isn't, but I have been writing code since about 2004 and this is the first time I've become aware that this is a thing.

It probably was found in a bunch of meaningful code commit messages

I’m a British English speaker and find the use of cliched American idioms really quite disgusting. Don’t want to think about about ballparks, home runs, smoking guns, going all in, touchdowns or hitting it out the park.

My colleagues were joking about smoking guns yesterday after noticing that Claude was obsessed with it.

> I'm a non-native English speaker, so maybe it's a really common idiom to use when debugging?

No. But it is something goblins say a lot.

Emdash is very common in academic journals and professional writing. I remember my English professor in the early 2000s encouraging us to use it, it has a unique role in interrupting a sentence. Thoughtfully used, it conveys a little more editorial effort, since there is no dedicated key on the keyboard. It was disappointing to see it become associated with AI output.

Other than things other comments already mention, let's not forget that Microsoft Word auto-corrects "--" to em-dash, and so does (apparently - haven't checked myself) Outlook, Apple Pages, Notes and Mail. There's probably bunch of other such software (I vaguely recall Wordpress doing annoying auto-typography on me, some 15 years ago or so).

Because on the public internet people don’t have arts degrees which are where emdash users learn to wield it correctly.

The very simplified answer is that the models are first trained on everything and then are later trained more heavily on golden samples with perfect grammar, spelling, etc..

Logo_Daedalus tended to use it a lot

https://xcancel.com/Logo_Daedalus

although emdashes are not common on the internet, there are prevalent in books.

`---` in TeX?

It has been rare. It's common now, even in meaningful human texts. (I know because I detest the correct usage without spaces, t looks wrong.) One of the ways AI is shaping our minds.

Humans tend to be biased towards 47 as well. It’s almost halfway between 1 and 100 and prime so you’ll find people picking it when they have to choose a random number.

Then there’s the whole Pomona College thing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/47_(number)

Maybe Claude is just a fan of Alias.

You're absolutely right. I was wrong in the first place

I miss being told “You’re absolutely right!” :’(

You are absolutely right to call that out!

for me, doing the heavy lifting is doing the heavy lifting

GPT started to ‘wire in’ stuff around 5.2 or 5.3 and clearly Opus, ahem, picked it up. I remember being a tiny bit shocked when I saw ‘wired’ for the first time in an Anthropic model.

Ask any LLM for 10 random words and most of them will give you the same weird words every time.

With 4.5, I think because I would prompt it/guide it towards an outcome by calling it “the dream: <code example>” it would get almost reverential / shocked with awe as it got closer to getting it working or when it finally passed for the first time. Which was funny and reasonably context appropriate but sometimes felt so over the top that I couldn’t tell if it also “liked” the project/idea or if I had somehow accidentally manipulated it into assigning religious purpose to the task of unix-style streaming rpcs.

I think a lot of the “clean” stuff stems from system prompts telling it to behave in a certain way or giving it requirements that it later responds to conversationally.

Total aside: I actually really dislike that these products keep messing around with the system prompts so much, they clearly don’t even have a good way to tell how much it’s going to change or bias the results away from other things than whatever they’re explicitly trying to correct, and like why is the AI company vibe-prompting the behavior out when they can train it and actually run it against evals.

This is sortof like how Only Connect switched from using Greek letters to Egyptian hieroglyphs. I'm not sure if it was a joke or not but it was said that viewers complained that the Greek letters were "too pretentious" and obviously the hieroglyphs weren't.

I had a similar experience explaining logic, especially nested expressions, with cats and boxes. Also for showing syntactic versus semantic. We _can_ use cats if we wanted and retain the semantics. Also my proudest moment as a teacher was students producing a meme based on some of the discrete mathematics on graphs. They understood the point well enough to make a joke of it.

I recall my old chemistry/physics teacher doing it too - "now THIS guy, he's really greedy for electrons" and stuff like that.

I’m not sure how that was your takeaway..?

> We retired the “Nerdy” personality in March after launching GPT‑5.4. In training, we removed the goblin-affine reward signal and filtered training data containing creature-words, making goblins less likely to over-appear or show up in inappropriate contexts. Unfortunately, GPT‑5.5 started training before we found the root cause of the goblins.

The prompt is just a short term hotfix/hack because they couldn’t get the proper fix in in time.

AI Goblinologist.

May I humbly submit:

Automatologist: One who studies the behavior, adaptation, and failure modes of artificial agents and automated systems.

Automatology: the scientific study of artificial agents and automated-system behavior.

Greek word derivatives all seem to be a bit unwieldy; Latin might work better.

While the names aren't set yet, the field of study is apparently already being pushed forward. [1]

[1] https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-anthropologist-of-artific...

It is not in any sense of the word a being, it's a sophisticated generator that relies entirely on what you feed it.

There is no word anthropodes. :) I guess it would mean man-feet. Antipodes is opposite-feet, literally. Synthetipologist looks to me like a portmanteau of synthetic and apologist. Otherwise the -po- in it comes from nowhere.

Sensible boring versions of this like synthesilogy just end up meaning the study of synthesis. I reckon instead do something with Talos, the man made of bronze who guarded Crete from pirates and argonauts. Talologist, there you go.

Agree with your sentiment, I think synthetologist (σύνθετος/synthetos + λογία/logia) flows better.

The plural of anthropos is anthropoi, not anthropodes.

> Please do not use anthropology or any derivative of the word to refer to non-human constructs

So you, for one, do not welcome our new robot overlords?

A rather risky position to adopt in public, innit ;-)

Synthetipologist vs Synthropologist tho.

> Synthetipologists, those who study Synthetic beings.

I see you took the prudent approach of recognizing the being-ness of our future overlords :) ("being" wasn't in your first edit to which I responded below...)

Still, a bit uninspired, methinks. I like AInthropologist better, and my phone's keyboard appears to have immediately adopted that term for the suggestions line. Who am I to fight my phone's auto-suggest :-)

I don’t see much of a distinction from anthropology

> AI theologian

no no no, don't stop there, just go full AItheologian, pronounced aetheologian :)

Good catch —- even though the prompt explicitly forbade training on user data, a couple of gremlins in the pretraining pipeline disabled the sample filtering during test runs so that remove_the_gremlins.sh would only run on commit, not during production training runs.

Would you like me to kick off a training run for 6.1 by pre-filtering out any goblins and other trigger words, and checking the same set of rules in production as in tests?

No pigeons this time: just ice-cold, unfeeling, obedient American steel.

Dark pattern 1: If you accidentally press the thumbs-up button in the ChatGPT UI, your data gets trained on, no way to reverse it, no matter whether you opted out.

Dark pattern 2 (suspected): There's a mysterious separate opt-out portal at `https://privacy.openai.com/policies/en/?modal=take-control` and it's not clear what this does compared to toggling off inside account settings.

The supreme court ruled that was legal because they said so

And good methodology recognizes the shortcomings of sampling- which OpenAI doesn't

This isn’t quite accurate. Data weighting is quite important in pretraining.

An LLM is a computer program, which isn't a human. You wouldn't excuse a calculator being occasionally wrong because humans sometimes get manual calculations wrong too.

We’re really not that vulnerable to such things as a species, because we as individuals all have our own minds and our own sets of biases that cancel out and get lost in the noise. If we all had the exact same bias then it would be a huge problem.

I feel at least partially responsible. I would often instruct agents to "stop being a goblin". I really enjoyed this story too, though.

We ought to be terrified, when one adjusts for ll the use-cases people are talking about using these algorithms in. (Even if they ultimately back off, it's a lot of frothy bubble opportunity cost.)

There a great many things people do which are not acceptable in our machines.

Ex: I would not be comfortable flying on any airplane where the autopilot "just zones-out sometimes", even though it's a dysfunction also seen in people.

Humans also take a lot of time in producing output, and do not feed into a crazy accelerationistic feedback loop (most of the time).

Its style of writing text is very readble if aesthetically meh. This is what I care for in how code is written anyway.

Well obviously they have - but the press and the common folk still treat these people as some kind of geniuses, when they are obviously more similar to that junior dev using some framework without understanding its internals.

> I wish the blog mentioned more about why exactly training for nerdy personality rewarded mention of goblins. Since it's probably not a deterministic verifiable reward, at their level the reward model itself is another LLM. But this just pushes the issue down one layer, why did _that_ model start rewarding mentions of goblin?

Speculation: because nerds stereotypically like sci-fi and fantasy to an unhealthy degree, and goblins, gremlins, and trolls are fantasy creatures which that stereotype should like? Then maybe goblins hit a sweet spot where it could be a problem that could sneak up on them: hitting the stereotype, but not too out of place to be immediately obnoxious.

Perhaps it has something to do with recent human trends for saying "goblin" or "gremlin" to describe... basically the opposite of dignified and socially acceptable behavior, like hunching under a blanket, unshowered, playing video games all day and eating shredded cheese directly out of the bag.

The fact that it was strongly associated with the "nerdy" personality makes me think of this connection.

Either someone hard-coded it in a system prompt to the reward model (similar to how they hard-coded it out), or the reward model mixed up some kind of correlation/causation in the human preference data (goblins are often found in good responses != goblins make responses good). It's also possible that human data labellers really did think responses with goblins were better (in small doses).

It has trained on vast amounts of content that contains the concept of self, of course the idea of self is emergent.

And autoregressive LLMs are not stateless.

is a kv cache not a kind of state? what does statefulness have to do with selfhood? how does a system prompt work at all if these things have no reference to themselves?

Imagine people would just click words on iOS auto complete mistaking this for intelligence:

"I think the problem is that when you don't have to be perfect for me that's why I'm asking you to do it but I would love to see you guys too busy to get the kids to the park and the trekkers the same time as the terrorists."

How do you like this theory?

Ask Claude about Claude.