Azure Linux 4.0 is Microsoft's first general-purpose Linux (boxofcables.dev)
157 points by haydenbarnes 14 hours ago
rswail 5 hours ago
OK, so this is important not because it comes from Microsoft.
1. It's general purpose in that it is designed to be used to deliver any application software, whether containerized, on a VM or on (specific) bare hardware.
2. It has an SBOM that allows all elements of the distribution when run as a container/VM/bare to have an auditable chain back to the Fedora distribution, which then has a chain back to the source. So that allows companies to comply with the requirements of security audits much better than the "run our automated tool in your kernel to keep you up to date".
3. It's effectively a read-only OS, especially as containers, with that same auditable supply chain.
So no, it won't run on general hardware with random selections of ethernet and wifi and sound and display variations, but it will run any general application in numerous environments with an auditable supply chain.
embedding-shape an hour ago
> 1. It's general purpose in that it is designed to be used to deliver any application software
FWIW, it's only the HN title and this article that calls this new distribution "general-purpose". Microsoft themselves say that this the distribution is "Purpose-Built for Azure" (https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/linuxandopensourceb...), I'm not sure how the author got it wrong.
codycharris 13 hours ago
No it's not. It's for tuned for Azure. Nobody is running this outside of their compute environment.
jraph 12 hours ago
Yeah, a general purpose distro would come with a desktop environment and you'd be able to run it on your PC as your main OS. Calling this general purpose is so misleading.
Of course describing reality in titles would have the inconvenience of causing fewer clicks to these articles.
The title on HN could be updated though.
rswail 4 hours ago
It's general purpose in that it can run any Linux application in numerous different ways, containerized, as a VM, or on specific bare hardware.
You and Microsoft are using the word "general purpose" to mean different things.
This is not generally compatible with different hardware.
Nor does it include things that could be considered applications, like desktop environments etc. It's not designed to be run by an end user on a desktop.
embedding-shape 3 hours ago
stuaxo 8 hours ago
When he said "general purpose" I totally imagined a desktop environment.
gunalx 11 hours ago
According to [1] the guidelines explicitly say to keep editorializing to a specified minimum, unless it is spam. Dont know it this title would allow editorialising
jraph 10 hours ago
b33j0r 11 hours ago
You point to a better timeline. Sometimes—when desperately alone—I imagine.
If only the guy who was destined to close a disk operating system deal with IBM hadn’t been goofing around with his plane that fateful day.
We would all be using lisp machines, running smalltalk on microkernels that put the HURD to shame. Just imagine: instead of backslashes and drive letters, we’d have parens. Endless, syntactically-valid parens.
Or CP/M, probably that. But can it run doom?
hathawsh 10 hours ago
Sorry to break it to you, but on that timeline, the good things got poisoned. IBM enhanced Lisp with Enterprise Ready features like Spreadsheet Macro Builder, Microsoft took over development of Smalltalk and morphed it into BASIC 2.0, and the HURD community lost a bizarre copyright lawsuit. Fortunately for those folks, an intrepid hacker in the 90s saw some of the interesting ideas in MS-DOS and rebuilt it as LS-DOS. Today, most of their servers and mobile phones run LS-DOS or similar.
__patchbit__ 10 hours ago
qmr 10 hours ago
That's not at all how it went down.
Please don't spread lies about Gary.
b33j0r 8 hours ago
otabdeveloper4 7 hours ago
> using lisp machines, running smalltalk on microkernels that put the HURD to shame
That future is not different from this future. That road leads down to Javascript and React anyways. (Perhaps with a slightly different syntax.)
rigonkulous 7 hours ago
sigh .. and SGI would've been the ones to make the killer laptop which morphed into a slick metal pocket dependency for billions ...
psychoslave 10 hours ago
Glad that at least we avoided that much more parentheses.
Where is our PL any kind of bracket and other rococo ornamental symbol is at most totally optional?
VincePlatt 12 hours ago
I was curious to see what it would be like to run this under WLS. I'm guessing we'll get our chance at some point.
haydenbarnes 12 hours ago
You get a sense of it now. Azure Linux 3.0 is the base for the WSL system distro, there all the WSLg (GUI) and now the wslc plumbing happens. It's ephemeral, but you can drop in and look around with wsl --system --user root. An official WSL image of Azure Linux 4.0 is coming in a few weeks that you'll be able to install with wsl.exe --install Azure...(I'm not sure the exact name).
voidfunc 3 hours ago
I know internal folks running AzLinux 3.0 under WSL and it's fine. Not a lot of reasons to do it vs just use Fedora. I'd expect similar for AzLinux 4.0. It's not tuned for day-to-day WSL centric developer use tho.
tomkarho 9 hours ago
I would imagine MS employees might (or be made to) either directly or through wsl.
osigurdson 12 hours ago
You may be right, its possible however that people running on Azure may use it locally for testing.
znpy 12 hours ago
I don’t know really. Amazon AL2023 can be used outside aws for example, and people might want the same distro on-prem as the cloud.
It’s not the average joe/jane though.
froh 13 hours ago
call me old fashioned isn't a general purpose OS one that runs on any hardware and set up? and is certified with hardware vendors for full backing and support?
all this says is: "MS now provides a unified Linux from WSL to the MS cloud. just like what you got w/ SUSE RH canonical up to now. but without any support outside the MS stack.", right?
or am I missing something?
PacificSpecific 13 hours ago
Don't worry you aren't. Luckily no one will use this distro day to day
steve1977 12 hours ago
I'd say old fashioned Linux would come without any certification or support.
froh 10 hours ago
I didn't mean DIY / Linux from scratch.
and I meant where I come from a general purpose OS is for any purpose, not just to run it on a very specific stack.
SUSE - Find Certified Hardware Products https://www.suse.com/yesCertified/home
similar pages exist for RH and canonical
but then Windows also is a general purpose OS.
hm.
what if MS strategizes on their hyper-v as hypervisor, with windows as control Panel and all payload on their Azure Linux? popcorn time?
steve1977 8 hours ago
haydenbarnes 13 hours ago
ISV certification is coming.
On-prem hardware support would be interesting, wouldn't it?
froh 10 hours ago
without certification of other clouds and any hardware this is not general purpose.
their plan might however be a Micro-Windows, which only boots the hyper-v, which then runs that Linux. that move would leverage the Microsoft Windows hardware certification.
starkgoose 11 hours ago
I fell like this could be a move to purposefully mislead and confuse "Normies" of what to expect from "general purpose Linux" means.
hsbauauvhabzb 12 hours ago
AFAIK it isn’t a declared term my left shoe is my first general purpose operating system, if i toss an esp32 in there i can probably call it linux too.
Scroll_Swe 2 hours ago
Computing changed fast. I'm lucky I bought my new gaming PC last year. Hopefully not my last but the overlords want us to rent forever.
bananaquant 7 hours ago
It is bad enough that Microsoft just piggybacks on all the work that Red Hat is doing.
Now they are snapshotting the bleeding-edge distribution and call it general purpose, which carries a strong implication that it is ready for all kinds of production workloads.
It is not. That is why there is a Fedora/RHEL split in the first place.
VimEscapeArtist 2 hours ago
Oh wow, the first AI-generated Linux! Will it suck monkey balls just as much as Windows 11?
classified an hour ago
That, and it will be as secure, reliable and snappy as GitHub!
Also, coming from Microslop, the path to ever deeper enshittification is a foregone conclusion. It will be the first "Linux" with ads!
gnabgib 13 hours ago
Previously (61 points, 17 days ago, 49 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48187736
Microsoft's Azure Linux (66 points, 4 months ago, 109 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46805841
shaunpud 10 hours ago
Surprised it doesn't have Copilot in the name somewhere
classified an hour ago
That was a glitch, it will be fixed over the weekend. The responsible marketing director will be disciplined.
logicchains 9 hours ago
Don't give them any ideas..
mattoxic 13 hours ago
"Microsoft’s in-house Linux, the distribution that grew out of CBL-Mariner, just hit public preview as a general-purpose cloud OS you can run on any Azure VM. Here is why that is a real step in Microsoft’s Linux journey, not just a version bump."
Christ, they even lead with AI slop.
WD-42 13 hours ago
Do people not realize that this just instantly torpedoes credibility and respect? I'm dumbfounded.
__MatrixMan__ 11 hours ago
Did Microsoft have credibility and respect? They've been abusive towards their users for decades.
pjmlp 10 hours ago
Got to meet those KPIs regarding using AI on the job.
I thought using AI for everything is the new cool.
trumpdong 9 hours ago
ramon156 12 hours ago
How desperate is Microsoft right now? Their model website was trying hard to be Anthropic, now they claim they have a linux distro? Which is just a tuned version?
What's next?
pepperoni_pizza 9 hours ago
I don't think it's desperate.
I'm thinking companies are now paying for Red Hat license and support on Azure VMs and Microsoft wants that money.
It's an easy thing for Microsoft sales guy to offer to your bosses' bosses' boss next time they're golfing and having expensive dinner together, "hey you can get your Linux also from us, it will save you money by consolidating vendors and whatnot".
I expect many companies will switch to this no matter how much worse it might be than what they had previously.
2b3a51 an hour ago
But if people are paying for RHEL they won't be using Fedora for production workloads will they?
pjmlp 10 hours ago
They are valued 4 trillon dollars, lots of FOSS stuff now depends on Microsoft's money.
Valve has to translate Windows and DirectX to have any meaningful games on the SteamDeck.
Only HNers to think Microsoft is desperate.
szszrk 11 hours ago
> now they claim they have a linux distro?
They have had a linux distro for a while, this one is at least 6 years old. They used it for container workloads, including those visible to client like AKS.
It seems with 4 they are using Fedora underneath.
sourcegrift 11 hours ago
Xenix was microsoft's. If you do ctrl-alt-f2 (to f7), you have Microsoft to thank
reacweb 6 hours ago
It is an Azure (and WSL) specific Linux based on a general-purpose Linux (fedora). Having this general-purpose foundation will give access to many packages.
egorfine 7 hours ago
Embrace and extinguish.
This is why they call a very specialized distribution "general-purpose". They need to water down the term and own the new space.
aykutseker 11 hours ago
Moving from tdnf to dnf5 is interesting. Most internal platforms get more bespoke over time, not less.
foltik 11 hours ago
Even the LLM bot accounts are struggling to find something interesting about this.
nullpoint420 13 hours ago
Embrace, Extend, Extinguish anyone? Although, as a Fedora user I'm happy it's RPM based.
giancarlostoro 13 hours ago
Little harder to pull that off when the key components are all GPL licensed, but also all of Microsoft's bits and pieces for their distro seem to be MIT Licensed. Honestly, it certainly feels more like Google lives by Embrace, Extend, Extinguish (email, browsers, video streaming, etc).
saghm 13 hours ago
You cited three of the most prominent counterexamples to the common meme about Google killing their products as evidence of them extinguishing things. I'm not saying you're wrong necessarily, but I don't think you've demonstrated what you think you have.
brokencode 12 hours ago
giancarlostoro 5 hours ago
nullpoint420 13 hours ago
Agreed on the Google front here.
greenavocado 13 hours ago
That's why they're pushing hardware attestation so aggressively
tossit444 13 hours ago
Not really. They've always advertised it for, well, Azure, and the actual announcement[0] makes it clear that it's simply a distro for Azure workloads. Considering they state it's "built exclusively for cloud and server workloads, it is not intended to support desktop usage or GUI applications," Microsoft isn't playing that game here.
[0] https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/linuxandopensourceb...
yjftsjthsd-h 13 hours ago
As a Fedora hater, I'm also happy it's RPM based; IMO, .debs are just flat out worse than .rpm as a format and the tooling on top matches that. I do wonder, though:
> Azure Linux 4.0 is derived from Fedora, right now a Fedora 43 snapshot, rather than assembled package by package the way 1.0 through 3.0 were.
Then what's the point? They could just ship Fedora. There are minor differences, but all things that sound easy to get upstreamed with minimal effort.
mhitza 13 hours ago
Same as with any distribution it gives you flexibility over update cadence, validate your software doesn't break with updates, and push out your own hotfixes without being tied to the release process upstream.
Default configurations as well, since it states FIPS compliance it has to change defaults <https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/RemoveFipsModeSetup#W...>
fragmede 13 hours ago
Time difference. A VP at Microsoft has someone they can yell at to make an ship a change. Having to ask upstream politely and then wait for their release schedule was proving to be an issue.
tigerlily 13 hours ago
Extinguish Windows morelike...
tenderfault 7 hours ago
I just finished tapping 381 times, disabling (hopefully most of?) Apple Intelligence incursions in my life on a machine I don't really use. Was wondering what will I do next. Oh, look. More crap. That will keep me busy for a while.
nullbio 2 hours ago
Was it vibe coded?
fortran77 11 hours ago
Microsoft was a *nix supporter from the very beginning, with Microsoft Xenix.
pjmlp 10 hours ago
There is even an interview of Bill Gates where he talks about UNIX as the future of computing, naturally with Xenix, how things turn around.
Xenix was my introduction to UNIX.
"The Future of Xenix"
https://archive.org/details/Unix_World_Vol02_10.pdf/page/n21...
cbdevidal 9 hours ago
Also relevant quote that I think about when this subject comes up:
“If Microsoft ever does applications for Linux it means I've won.” ~Linus Torvalds
In this case, an entire freaking distro.
pjmlp 9 hours ago
trumpdong 9 hours ago
megous 3 hours ago
> Azure Linux 4.0 is derived from Fedora, right now a Fedora 43 snapshot, rather than assembled package by package the way 1.0 through 3.0 were.
More like Microsoft's first non Microsoft Azure distro.
jdw64 12 hours ago
What advantages does Azure Linux have compared to Ubuntu?
speedgoose 11 hours ago
It's from Microsoft. Many companies love to be very tightly tied to Microsoft, for some reasons. I never really understood the actual underlying reasons. Perhaps Windows 95 was that good and it's brand loyalty since.
olavgg 9 hours ago
When I look at the oil & gas sector, I remember MS-DOS + Wordperfect was the beginning. Then Windows 3.1 + Microsoft Office took over, and since that, its been Microsoft, Azure, and SAP.
They refuse Google Cloud, AWS, and many still believe open-source is cancer. They are Microsofts best customers. They prefer consultants over hiring software developers, and the consultants just to what they're told and never question the status quo.
Whenever I spending time at these companies, my head is filled with dinosaurs.
Where I live we have something called The ONS event/Exhibition, where the oil sector gathers to promote themself. 2 years ago AWS had a big stand there, but it was mostly empty. This year, AWS doesn't participate at all.
2b3a51 an hour ago
speedgoose 6 hours ago
pjmlp 10 hours ago
Just like Amazon, Google and even Vercel have their own distros.
To have full integration with their cloud services, instead of a random purpose Linux distro.
And accountability.
jdw64 11 hours ago
Because someone has to be accountable, right? In business practices, having no clear party responsible for an area you don't fully understand is a difficult problem. Ultimately, I think it's a matter of accountability. Regardless of how lightweight and good Linux is, Windows is still a bit more convenient on the GUI side.
DANmode 8 hours ago
I’ll never use anything carrying the Azure name for anything I care about.
There, I said it.
drnick1 13 hours ago
This is a nonevent, unless perhaps some genuine "general purpose" tools come out of this. MS will never contribute to things such as Wine and Proton and kill its golden goose.
Krutonium 13 hours ago
You say that, but Microsoft has contributed to Wine!
Both in terms of code and help, on occasion. Microsoft gave Mono to Wine, and while Wine has a ban on accepting code from people who have seen the source of Microsoft Windows, they have, if I recall correctly, accepted documentation on Windows Internals from Microsoft themselves.
999900000999 12 hours ago
Which is rather kind.
They could of also pulled an Oracle , claimed the APIs are copyrighted and sued.
WINE, even if right couldn't afford to fight.
I can even imagine official Linux support for the Surface tablets.
Infact, Microsoft makes very little off its consumer OS. They could even give up the market entirely and bless a distro with solid WINE support for legacy applications.
overfeed 11 hours ago
Topgamer7 13 hours ago
Technically they gave mono to the wine project
DeathArrow 13 hours ago
>MS will never contribute to things such as Wine and Proton and kill its golden goose.
I think Microsoft is contributing to Linux kernel. Their golden gooses are Azure and Office which have nothing to do with Wine and Proton.
It wouldn't be too weird if they will release a win32 compatibility layer for Linux in the future as they might not want to maintain a full operating system.
pjmlp 5 hours ago
Nope, they just doubled down on Linux containers integration on Windows, with CLI and OS APIs to drive them from C, WinRT and .NET, that is the main way they see Linux going forward.
Azure Linux 4.0 will be the new WSL default distro, after going into stable.
Source, Linux sessions at BUILD 2026.
makeitdouble 12 hours ago
DeathArrow also touches on this, but to complete:
Windows stopped being the Golden Goose a long time ago, probably from the point Satya Nadella became CEO.
A visual aid from a quick search: https://visuwire.com/microsoft/
For instance Bing and LinkedIn combined bring in more than Windows at this point. And XBox is basically on par.
Their money makers don't rely on Windows either, so the OS isn't even a useable moat, which is why they can afford to enshittify the consumer version to death.
[Edit: fixed the CEO name]
murkt 12 hours ago
Sundar Pichai does not work in Microsoft, though. A bit weird to anchor the MS timeline on his position. When he became the CEO, actually? I don’t remember the year even approximately
madspindel 12 hours ago
makeitdouble 12 hours ago
santoshalper 13 hours ago
I don't think Microsoft would intentionally compete with Windows, but it does seem as though they are preparing for a world where Windows is no longer their golden goose, or at least hedging their bets. Given that Windows has already decisively lost the battle for servers, this seems prudent.
kenjackson 12 hours ago
It’s already no longer their golden goose. It’s about 6% of total revenue (see http://bullfincher.io/companies/microsoft-corporation/revenu...).
Microsoft could give Windows away for free and be fine. Of course it’s still a lot of money, so they’re not going to leave a multibillion dollar business on the table. But strategically, preserving its revenue is not their priority.
warumdarum 12 hours ago
smitty1e 13 hours ago
[laughs in Torvalds.]
tenderfault 7 hours ago
[laughs in Gates]
PunchyHamster 9 hours ago
Why on earth they'd base it on Fedora where Ubuntu or Alpine is the most common use ? It just adding friction and incompatibilities to most users use case
rswail 4 hours ago
Amazon Linux is based on Fedora as well.
ChrisArchitect 12 hours ago
Previously: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48187736
solidarnosc 11 hours ago
Microsoft are pieces of shit lads. Run by nonces. Also 4.0, first? Lord give me strength.
xaerise 11 hours ago
Read the article. MS have shipped 1.0-3.0 earlier...
"Azure Linux 4.0 is derived from Fedora, right now a Fedora 43 snapshot, rather than assembled package by package the way 1.0 through 3.0 were."
And if you are still unsure. Checkout the repo:
* <https://github.com/microsoft/azurelinux>
or more specifically, the releases
piokoch 10 hours ago
I am not exactly waiting for Linux that will have obligatory ads and will take screenshots of my desktop and send them somewhere. Sorry Bill, but now, I've been through this already, I saw how superior DR DOS goes down because your mom was IBM board member, I had to use Windows 98 Millenium Edition, I was lucky to skip Windows Vista. So, again, no, thanks, never again.
Same with your cloud offering, ridiculous solutions like Azure Service Bus that has pathetic performance, pathetic API and high price.
unethical_ban 13 hours ago
Tldr a MSFT maintained fedora fork tuned for Azure hardware.