Kimi K3, and what we can still learn from the pelican benchmark (simonwillison.net)

168 points by droidjj 5 hours ago

devttyeu 3 hours ago

> How does the prompt “Generate an SVG of a pelican riding a bicycle” add up to 95 input tokens? OpenAI’s tokenizer counts 10, Anthropic’s counts 10 for Opus 4.6, 30 for Opus 4.7 and 25 for Sonnet 5/Fable 5. Prompting “hi” to Kimi K3 counted 86 tokens, suggesting there may be an 85 token hidden system prompt. It refused to leak it though.

This is quite possibly reasoning-effort prompt which is injected before the opening <think> token whenever you set a custom reasoning effort, see e.g. DeepSeek-V4 max mode prompt: https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro/blob/main...

OsrsNeedsf2P 3 hours ago

It's incredible Simon still believes pelicans on bikes aren't part of the training set, despite hundreds of them on blogs, forums, and Github. Stuff we put in our company blog shows up known by LLMs 6 months later, and we have 1000x less traffic than Simon's own website

simonw an hour ago

The pelicans are still all rubbish. If they make it into the training set it doesn't help the models produce better pelicans, if anything it will make them perform worse!

OtherShrezzing an hour ago

Respectfully, the pelicans used to be an unrecognisable mess and now they’re unquestionably pelicans on bicycles, rendered poorly, from every model.

In the same timescale, model capabilities across the board have only meaningfully improved in places where the labs are focusing their training efforts.

Moreover, they have a uniform style, even though your prompt doesn’t ask for one. There's no model going rogue and producing a watercolour of a pelican. They’re all rendered in an approximately uniform style, even though the svg format has a basically unlimited possibility space.

simonw an hour ago

InsideOutSanta 26 minutes ago

pegasus 14 minutes ago

exhaze 21 minutes ago

Simon - has no one told you about the Willison-Pelican Scaling Law?

```

if is_willison_pelican_blog_post:

[redacted]

```

You haven't seen their final form [1]

[1] final form is a frontend/react/let's not talk about it, library - it caused a great deal of PTSD to me and my previous company's team due to its dogmatic preference for "we use these axioms, end of story", over practical utility - so it was quite challenging to do state of the art tasks such as nested form fields (e.g. 'user.address.personal.line-1'). The PTSD it caused made us all block out the memories, I suppose. But - it had zero dependencies. That is what mattered. It kept us going. We weren't reaching for more. We had plenty of time.

And thank god for that. Because I'd forgotten my watch in California - and this was in Tokyo [2]

[2] a joke within a joke about Jensen's Kyoto gardener story. Beautiful story, drowned out by WatchGate memes. Why can't jokes have layers? Models have trillions. If you miss 100% of the jokes you don't make, make all the jokes. Someone will laugh (eventually, maybe?) Even if it's: "this person + comedy club = full secret service detail". If someone laughs at that - at my own expense? I don't mind. They laughed. I know this is a gibberish, off-topic message - it's also a human message. I just felt we need more such things in our lives these days.

PS: have you physically seen a pelican in real life? (not a joke)

simonw 17 minutes ago

tezza an hour ago

Yes, I see your point.

Your pelican output is thus both in the training set and yet still outside the capability of the model architecture.

And so you are tracking both the capability of the training and also the capability of the querying!

When you receive your first outstanding pelican it will track a gain of capability.

(btw I first mentioned simonw-pelican-into-training-set in May 2025 on twitter.)

My 3D-egyptology-explainer showed a massive uplift for Kimi K3 and this tracks a much improved 3D capability.

InsideOutSanta 31 minutes ago

I agree with that. I think, in particular, all the broken bike frames associated with "pelican on a bike" probably make it harder for LLMs to render correct bike frames.

mi_lk 33 minutes ago

At this point I am simply interested how much longer you're gonna ride this schtick

simonw 19 minutes ago

cebert 3 hours ago

Simon has stated a few times that he knows it’s possible that pelicans could be in the training sets. He also has other tests he doesn’t share publicly. He’s just a fan of pelicans.

hungryhobbit 2 hours ago

From the article it doesn't even sound like he cares about pelicans at all, and doesn't think they are a good way to compare models anymore ... but people are used to seeing the test now, and it does serve as a common "hello world" unit of work.

eminence32 3 hours ago

Pelicans and bikes can be in the training set without them training for this specific benchmark.

j_maffe 3 hours ago

Yes and that would improve its ability to draw SVGs of pelicans on bikes, no?

barrenko 2 hours ago

asasidh 2 hours ago

podgietaru 3 hours ago

More to it, the actual bloody companies are using them as a reference. Maybe it’s a 3d version, not an svg - but it clearly shows they’re on the radar of these companies.

port3000 an hour ago

Yeah I asked Nano Banana to make a render of our company office and was scarily accurate

HardCodedBias 2 hours ago

A person from Google famously put on her linkedin that her job was to optimize SVG for Gemini 3.0.

Chu4eeno 44 minutes ago

SVG output is useful, though. I often ask whatever LLM I have open to generate placeholder icons whenever I need them.

andy_xor_andrew 2 hours ago

Did you read the post? It's not even that long. He explicitly mentions this...

Barbing 2 hours ago

Are they responding to: “I’m still not convinced that labs are training for the benchmark—if they were, I’d expect much better results.”

drcongo 2 hours ago

Clearly not. There's a subset of HN users who rush to post this same thing every single time.

Topfi 2 hours ago

Topfi 2 hours ago

Respectfully, did you? The comment was specific to doubting the believe simonw has that labs are not training [0] specifically for this task, which is exactly what simonw wrote in the post [1], that it is a believe of his that they don't. He did not mention any kind of evidence or any piece of information that would indicate that the commenter didn't read the blog post.

Did you read either the post or the comment it was referencing?

On the note of training on SVGs, I have seen some labs models outperform when prompted for SVGs of certain animal and action combinations (pelican on bike, panda eating burger, etc.) compared to other similarly outlandish prompts for SVG output that are not part of widely reported benchmarks, even shared evidence one of the last times this came up on here.

[0] ... incredible Simon still believes ...

[1] I’m still not convinced that labs ....

simonw an hour ago

oceanplexian 3 hours ago

Imagine if we applied this train of logic to humans.

"That artist saw a pelican at the beach once!" [cue the outrage] "He's not a real artist, he's a cheater and produces nothing original!"

program_whiz 2 hours ago

This is a sight-reading test. If a musician practices a piece for thousands of hours, it would no longer be an effective sight reading / creativity test. The purpose of the test was to see how models would compose something novel requiring the ability to compose orthogonal, normally unrelated, components into a coherent image.

alexjplant 2 hours ago

We do. People who, for example, memorize question banks to pass certification tests without knowing the underlying material are equally frowned upon for not having the problem solving skills that they purport to.

I'll leave the contrasts between LLMs and people to the well-written sibling comments.

computably 2 hours ago

Except, of course, LLMs are not humans, and they do not learn or "reason" in a way which even remotely resembles humans.

Plus obviously humans can still overfit to a specific style of test.

semilin 3 hours ago

They can be in the training set but not deliberately trained for. There may be a lot of people posting pelican svgs, but not typically because they're high quality and worth replicating.

michaelbuckbee an hour ago

Like Simon concludes the article, the main use of this isn't to say which model is "better", but to try and poke at the model to sort out things like quality vs cost vs speed.

So I put together a quick comparison of the last couple iterations of Opus, Fable and now Kimi.

Kimi is cheapest by 5x but also slowest by 2x

https://9gpyw4uxr2.evvl.io/

andai an hour ago

3T is impressive, but parameter count seems to be less important than I thought.

GLM is half the size of DeepSeek but costs four times as much, and beats it on every benchmark.

I'm not an expert on this stuff but it seems to be the attention mechanism. DeepSeek were bragging about how cheap they made it. But if you cut costs on attention you get worse results with way more parameters.

If I had to guess it seems to be the difference between memory (params) and intelligence (attention density). I think you need both.

wolttam a minute ago

Or, GLM 5.2 simply had more time in the RL oven.

Deepseek V4 Flash, the 284B model, is roughly equivalent to launch GLM 5, the 744B [sic] model.

jnwatson 9 minutes ago

After MoE entered the mix, raw parameter count is less useful a measure.

bcit-cst 2 hours ago

The gap is closing . I think Kimi 3 is only 3 months behind the US model. It’s gpt 5.5 class model , which was released in the end of April.

yashchimata an hour ago

One thing i keep thinking: you only run the pelican once per model. Run the same model a few times and you get some different pelicans, so some of "this one is better" might just be which run you picked for it. Would love to see 8 runs per model side by side. I bet for two close models, the gap between runs is about as big as the gap between the models.

simonw an hour ago

I've done versions in the past where I ran 3 and picked the best one. At some point I'd like to automate that with an LLM-as-a-judge (from the same model family) picking the "best" one to move forth in the competition.

I built a whole ELO scoring mechanism a while back, described here: https://simonwillison.net/2025/Jun/6/six-months-in-llms/#ai-...

I probably should spend some time on this now, even though the benchmark itself is feeling a bit stale. There's still a lot of demand for a gallery!

tibbar 2 hours ago

I wonder how the Chinese labs are training a 3 trillion parameter model on what has to be vastly smaller compute resources. If the U.S. compute advantage is persistent, it's hard to imagine that Chinese labs will be able to keep pace forever, as a matter of physics, but... so far they seem to be doing just fine.

dopa42365 an hour ago

It's not like same parameter count models are identical, so that doesn't appear to be an indicator for quality, or even compute requirements?

There seems to be more to producing a better model than brute forcing parameter count after all.

tibbar 2 minutes ago

Training and serving large models does require increasingly more compute, though. (The Chinese labs have clearly found some massive optimizations, but my point was that you'd think at some point even those optimizations wouldn't be enough to keep up with exponentially increasing model sizes.)

Lerc 3 hours ago

Do any of the vision models render the SVG and look at the result.

Perhaps more importantly can they do that during reinforcement training. Learning how to critically analyse the appearance of what it generates would be quite useful.

Manually feeding images back to models has been hilariously bad in the past which suggests that relating something it sees to something it wrote is not an ability it is very good at.

lambda an hour ago

I've tried doing a loop of rending the SVG and then tweaking based on that, with local models (so, not nearly as strong). It wasn't very successful; it would mostly report that the image looked great and didn't need any tweaks. Maybe I should try it again, there have been some newer models since I first tried it. And yeah, maybe worth trying with bigger models. But I have found that models aren't necessarily the best at visual reasoning and review, even with a vision loop. Their lack of visual reasoning is part of why they still have trouble with things like ARC-AGI-3.

cherioo 2 hours ago

I imagine all vision models have to do this, this being html rendering, to be able to do well in web design.

rdtsc 2 hours ago

The idea is not to use pelicans on bikes but a similarly random non-sensical prompts: crows on scooters, squirrels in a moon rover etc. Then pick another one for another for next cross-llm evaluation.

spikk an hour ago

It will be valuable to have two types of benchmarks: ones that evolve alongside the models and ones that never change. You probably can't get historical stability and resistance to flooding and training on at least some parts of it from the same test

mesmertech 3 hours ago

My personal benchmark for new models has been to compare video making skills with something like remotion. Usually reveals if they have any "taste" or outside the box thinking.

I'm starting to not trust any "benchmarks" when it comes to frontier models at least. As an example Sol feels the most "gets stuff done" but has zero taste, or any capability to surprise.

And for frontier models I go one step ahead and try to recreate a complex animation video, with the ability for the model to review its own work. And at this Fable is still the top one. Ex: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDAeAuYyl0E (recreation of Claude announcement video) and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSsVNtGPOIg (recreation of a fireship video). Sol did something similar but you can instantly tell its AI slop from very small things, and it just has no narrative or thought put into the writing.

https://mesmer.tools/benchmarks/ai-video-generation , I usually put basic ones here.

mesmertech 3 hours ago

And on creativity at least visually, Gemini 3.1 pro is somehow still up there. But its really hindered by its inability to use tool calls effectively or make a long term plan.

softwaredoug an hour ago

Old and busted: benchmaxxing

New hotness: pelicanmaxxing

nothercastle 2 hours ago

It’s not bad kind of expensive for 25c but if the prompt is rendered cost is much better.

criddell 2 hours ago

I wonder what the non-subsidized cost is. Add in the electricity and water too.

We may be boiling the oceans but at least we are finally getting some good SVGs of pelicans on bicycles.

hkalbasi 3 hours ago

Is there a gallery of all pelicans generated by simon over time?

chrismorgan 2 hours ago

https://simonwillison.net/tags/pelican-riding-a-bicycle/ isn’t quite a gallery, but pretty close.

inglor_cz 3 hours ago

If Simon reads this debate, I would gladly vote for such a gallery. It would belong to "digital heritage of mankind".

Xx_crazy420_xX 3 hours ago

I would be surprised if pelican svgs are not part of the training corpus rn

skeledrew 3 hours ago

If that were the case then it'd do a way better job. Think experienced artist level.

teravor 2 hours ago

how would great pelicans make their way into the training set?

what they do have are many different pelicans and people helpfully rating them in the comments.

dgellow an hour ago

That’s covered in the article

whywhywhywhy 2 hours ago

Don't see why we have to have this spammed every model release when Fable class models perform the same as Opus on basic tasks like these.

dgellow an hour ago

What spam? It’s one article. You can skip it

dsign 4 hours ago

Another day, another model and another pelican :-)

I can't help but wonder where is the trend going? What will we have in five years? Maybe it will all have puttered out, and we will have moved to the next thing? Or maybe the prompt then will be "make a pelican ride a bicycle", and out will come the genetic code for a giant pelican with extremities suitable for a handle bar and pedals, and an inborn affinity to ride bicycles?

ofjcihen 4 hours ago

I’m excited for this specific brand of survival horror.

rvz 3 hours ago

You are thinking too hard on this. This entire "benchmark" is a performative joke for attention that only works on HN.

> What will we have in five years? Maybe it will all have puttered out, and we will have moved to the next thing?

We will just have more of the same.

simonw an hour ago

> This entire "benchmark" is a performative joke for attention that only works on HN.

I take exception to that! It's a performative joke for attention that works far more widely than just Hacker News.

Yiin 3 hours ago

You say it's performative joke, but it all depends what you're using model for. So far the rule has been quite straightforward, better models consistently renders pelican in higher quality, I've yet to see an exception. It is also a good enough (for me at least) test for "taste" the model has.

j_maffe 2 hours ago

kherud 3 hours ago

Imagine what amazing SVG generators we could have if Simon had randomized the target image from the start (and companies wouldn't just overfit on pelicans).

csomar 2 hours ago

If anyone wants to try SVG generation from different models, I made this: https://codeinput.com/svg (here is an older generation: https://codeinput.com/s/5KEGl1e3rB3)

You still need an OpenRouter API Key and be careful this can burn quite a bit of money.

brcmthrowaway 3 hours ago

Imagine shilling some CLI tools no one uses in this post.

dghlsakjg 2 hours ago

Lighten up.

You’re reading a personal blog and complaining about an open source personal project he runs and distributes for free. He’s allowed to talk about his personal work on his personal blog. Especially considering the cli utility he talks about is directly related to the post.

Imagine complaining about someone generating valuable content for free and not packaging it to your personal tastes.

Zsfe510asG an hour ago

Kimi is right out since they use classical music branding to sell their slop. At least McDonalds does not sell Verdi or Allegro burgers.

Why does Kimi not use a "Double Cheese Whammy" branding for "their" butchered and stolen IP?

mrcwinn 3 hours ago

K3 is as expensive as Sonnet, not great at writing English, is handing IP back to the Chinese, and once open source will be difficult to run at scale without the compute that OpenAI and Anthropic have largely grabbed.

Sorry, how again is this the end of the frontier labs?

rootlocus 3 hours ago

According to some benchmarks has the coding capability of Opus at the price of Sonnet, supposedly will be open weights and is not subject to random trade wars with allied states.

Competition is always good.

olig15 3 hours ago

You mean the scale that AWS provides with Bedrock?

nickthegreek 2 hours ago

Bedrock needs to actually update their chinese models to the newest versions for this to matter.

BugsJustFindMe 3 hours ago

> This is expensive—the pelican cost 25 cents!

Engineers get unbelievably silly about evaluating costs of things.

"The tokens are so expensive!" Oh my sweet child, how much would even the least capable human effort cost? This is what the executives properly understand that the programmers don't.

Yiin 3 hours ago

they're comparing to similar capability llm models, not humans. If one dishwasher does job at similar quality as another dishwasher, but using 30% more water and energy, you wouldn't compare to how much it costs human to do the same work, it would make no sense.

BugsJustFindMe 3 hours ago

> they're comparing to similar capability llm models, not humans

25 cents is 10x the cost of 2.5 cents, but it's still extremely cheap for the product. It's very much the wrong comparison for a world where the primary competition is still humans who need to eat, and it treats percentage differences as more important than absolute differences when the opposite is true.

jchw 3 hours ago

bakugo 3 hours ago

Would anyone pay a human to create an SVG of a pelican riding a bike?

BugsJustFindMe 3 hours ago

In fact humans get paid to create SVGs of all kinds of things.

dgellow an hour ago

codezero 3 hours ago

Well, no, not now they won’t.