How to Make a Nintendo 64 Game in 2026 (phoboslab.org)
408 points by atan2 2 days ago
eltondegeneres 6 hours ago
ModRetro is owned by the same war profiteer who runs Anduril Industries which makes human-killing robots.
Their previous console had an edition made of the same metal as Anduril's lethal drones.
[1]: https://www.timeextension.com/news/2025/12/site-news-why-we-... [2]: https://kotaku.com/modretro-anduril-chromatic-attack-drone-m...
Keyframe 2 hours ago
AWS (and many others) is also then war profiteering company with JWCC, C2E, WildandStormy, not to mention all the other defense contractors that rely on their computer power to design and operate mass surveillance and killing of people. Is your agenda selectively blind?
woodrowbarlow an hour ago
not OP but yes, i consider the tech sphere's dive into mass surveillance to be war profiteering and have eliminated or minimized several in my life including amazon and spotify.
applfanboysbgon 21 minutes ago
Why are you presenting your unfounded assumption as a gotcha? Do you have any basis whatsoever to believe GP supports AWS?
vrganj an hour ago
This is why I exited the tech industry.
They've all become war profiteers and fascist enablers.
The only way to live with my conscience was to choose not to be complicit.
wombat-man 41 minutes ago
I have mixed feelings about it. I don't agree with how my country often ends up using these technologies, but defense tech and weaponry still seems pretty necessary. The US is not the only one doing this. Should they wait for their adversaries to have the upper hand? I don't think it's such a bad thing, as long as they can put the right people in charge. That's a whole other problem.
nonethewiser 5 hours ago
Oh wow that’s cool, I had no idea Palmer Lucky owned this. He pumps out quality tech. Im gonna check it out.
dabluecaboose 5 hours ago
A friend of mine did posit the quandary that an "unpalatable" individual such as Luckey appears to be one of the few making consumer-friendly products: Removable, swappable battery packs, AA battery support, standard USB-C charging, easy interoperability, open sourced designs, exposed screws, teardown instructions, etc. Apparently ModRetro is even looking into making dumb TVs for gaming.
It's ironic, in another world HN commenters would be lauding Luckey and ModRetro for all these virtues.
wombat-man an hour ago
edent 4 hours ago
spankibalt 4 hours ago
TulliusCicero 14 minutes ago
> which makes human-killing robots
I mean, that's just defense companies in general now. Would you rather have your own soldiers dying in a war, rather than robots? Ukraine is using AI in their targeting, is that something you condemn?
This is no different from the invention of machine guns or artillery. Yes, it's sad that these things will be used in war to kill (more) people. But intentionally avoiding that technology means you're just handicapping your own military and sacrificing others' lives for your principles.
dabluecaboose 5 hours ago
Good to see Kotaku's admirable journalistic practice of posting a list of histrionic tweets is alive and well
barrowclift 5 hours ago
The article isn't "about" ModRetro, please engage with the actual material instead of off-topic political tirades.
eltondegeneres 4 hours ago
> Modretro agreed to publish the game as a physical launch title for their M64 (a modern N64 clone), complete with cartridge, packaging and manual!
The article says the game is published by ModRetro.
lurk2 2 hours ago
I saw a video from the ModRetro YouTube channel a few days ago and thought it was AI because it only had 10,000 subscribers. They’ve been at it since March of 2024 and have less than 400,000 views spread across 54 videos. Strong attention economy recession indicator that even a memeified billionaire can’t get organic attention on a platform like that.
1234letshaveatw an hour ago
that's wild, it's not like the videos are hosted on an irrelevant platform like bluesky or something. Who knows
Dig1t an hour ago
This is the same concept as "separating art from the artist". i.e. can you appreciate the creation without associating it with the personal foibles of the creator?
If you went around scrutinizing the personal failings of every single creator and deciding not to support their art, you would cut yourself off from a huge chunk of human creation. Creators and builders are disproportionately imperfect people.
Harvey Weinstein, for example, is a serial abuser and genuinely evil person. He also was involved in an enormous number of Hollywood productions. Do you go out of your way to make sure to never watch or consume media associated with him? My guess is probably not. It's impractical and also I think the net benefit of this mindset, where we only allow people with certain moral characteristics to succeed, is a loss for society.
jackb4040 2 hours ago
No one should be surprised that this comment doesn't go over well on HN. But the multiple people replying to you like "Oh? Cool I'm gonna buy more now that I know it signals that I love war" is really disgusting. And they're all identical, like you've activated something in their programming.
stronglikedan 4 minutes ago
It common to reply to silly comments with more silliness. It's a obvious virtue signal, which rightfully draws ridicule. Some people use mocking as ridicule, and it says nothing about the person doing the mocking, since they're likely saying it as a joke.
pixelready an hour ago
Yeah, I’m seeing this a lot too recently. I guess polarization comes for us all eventually. Nuance and cognitive dissonance are so painful for some they simply flatten their position to something that feels safely straightforward, even if ghoulish?
Social media’s a helluva drug.
zuzululu an hour ago
but your position that people just making nuanced non-emotional purchase decisions is somehow flawed itself is the main point of contention, its similar to how vegetarians keep pushing their views and preferences as a yardstick to measure others who don't share the same values.
so the question here is why can you not tolerate people simply separating a product from the manufacturer of another niche that is completely legal and is demanded by sovereign nations?
zuzululu 4 hours ago
And ? Are you upset that Google/Microsoft/Oracle sells their tech to the military? Xbox controller is used on nuclear subs too.
also not a good look using kotaku as a source, were you aware of their poor journalistic standards?
I'd take a step back and assess whether the media you are consuming is dictating what to think and feel rather than from free will.
dosisking 3 hours ago
> And ? Are you upset that Google/Microsoft/Oracle sells their tech to the military?
Yes
> Xbox controller is used on nuclear subs too.
I have never played an Xbox, nor do I have any interest in doing so. There is nothing interesting about the Xbox.
qup 2 hours ago
peroxy an hour ago
Nobody cares bro
Petersipoi 2 hours ago
Thanks for the heads up. I wouldn't have checked it out otherwise. Palmer Luckey has done some cool shit. And Anduril is super impressive.
Mizza 8 hours ago
Libdragon has been improved massively in the past year or so, there are now simple demo games that show capabilities far beyond the original N64 games (bump mapping textures, HDR, seamless loading of massive overworld maps, etc.) Really talented core team, fun to give them a follow.
kridsdale1 3 hours ago
I recall seeing a demo of an N64 driving an Oculus Rift.
phoboslab 2 hours ago
That[1] was James Lambert, who was also responsible for Portal 64[2] and is now developing a completely new N64 game. His Youtube channel is worth a follow.
lmcd 4 hours ago
I’ve been building quite an ambitious flash cart menu system for the N64 recently, and it’s been an absolute joy! Would really recommend anyone with a curious, hacker mindset that grew up with these consoles to explore this platform - it’s fascinating!
Here’s what I’m working on - it contains a comprehensive retail game metadata library & cheats database, can screenshot running games and execute frame-perfect tool-assisted speedruns: https://youtu.be/UyqtU0hgGRA?si=_YisdNOrQrSpdpNT
boricj 11 hours ago
I'm tinkering with a PlayStation homebrew (voxel space renderer) and development for fifth generation consoles has never been easier.
Modern toolchains, programming languages, dev cartridges and libraries from the community makes all the difference. Outside of some niceties like ICE (gotta write that GDB stub for target hardware at some point), it's not that different from what you'd experience with modern embedded work.
spicyjpeg 8 hours ago
I am still amazed my own minimalist PS1 tutorial series [1] became as popular as it did, given that prior to it basically all learning material on the internet was written around the decent-for-the-time-but-horrible-now Sony SDK and often based on 30-year-old example code full of 30-year-old C practices (in particular the complete disregard for aliasing and concurrency, which resulted in plenty of headaches once people started using those ancient libraries and example code with modern GCC). We even have bleeding-edge C++ SDK options [2] complete with an STL and coroutine support, so if anybody here wants to try their hand at PS1 homebrew development I would highly encourage checking out the modern tooling we have now.
[1] https://github.com/spicyjpeg/ps1-bare-metal
[2] https://github.com/grumpycoders/pcsx-redux/tree/main/src/mip...
pjmlp 7 hours ago
To put this into perspective for youngsters, that horrible Sony SDK was considered a wonder for its time, and what kickstarted the movement away from Assembly into C for home console development, as main language.
Until then, only arcades had already made the switch.
On PS2, PS2Linux, Dreamcast there was already C++ support, by the way.
kridsdale1 3 hours ago
shoobiedoo 10 hours ago
There is something so charming about the N64/PS1 era. They were so unique in their own right and you could tell at a passing glance which system was displaying on the screen even if you didn't know what game it was. Two radically different systems at the dawning of 3D console games.
I bought a MiSTer for me and my son and we played the heck out of Mario Kart 64 and Mario Golf. I think he picked up my "gaming is dead now" outlook since he doesn't really have any interest in new systems or games anymore
pizza234 8 hours ago
> "gaming is dead now"
One gets the impression that gaming is dead when one's only contact with modern gaming consists of reading headlines about a handful of AAA games.
In reality, the gaming landscape has never been better, as game production has expanded in several directions:
- The barrier to entry into game development has been lowered; People who are talented in design but not programming now have the opportunity to create games
- AAA budgets have increased; those who enjoy large-scale productions will find increasingly large games
- There is still a market for old-school games, so plenty of (especially smaller) companies produce retromodern games
Heck, they even still produce commercial Commodore 64 games o_O
Of course, there is less room for radical innovation, but people do not play only radically innovative games. And regardless, innovation still exists today, especially in smaller-scale productions.
officeplant 7 hours ago
Forgeties79 7 hours ago
kevinminehart 9 hours ago
I love that. My wife and I are hopefully having kids soon and that's one thing I really want to encourage. Not to say that modern games aren't any good, but there's an increasing lack of respect for the player's time and wallet. The goal is shifting to maximizing value because they're getting more expensive to produce, but increasing the game price itself is a cardinal sin. Not to mention that live service games just out-earn non-service ones.
I hope it works out. I can see it working in the reverse: I play n64/ps1/ps2/gamecube games with my kid, they go to school and their friends are playing fortnight or valorant, and then you become the bad guy for trying to be an obstacle in that.
inigyou 8 hours ago
operation_moose 7 hours ago
kjs3 3 hours ago
auto 5 hours ago
3form 8 hours ago
>I think he picked up my "gaming is dead now" outlook since he doesn't really have any interest in new systems or games anymore
This is interesting, as I was about to say that gaming has never been more alive than it is now - but it's true that at least the developments in hardware are not nearly as exciting as they used to be in the past. Maybe that's what he's feeling?
newswasboring 8 hours ago
wsc981 8 hours ago
I'm a bit of an old-timer now (almost 45), but I enjoy a lot of the classics on GOG. And at a price that can't be beat. Totally no interest in playing modern games.
ifjeicjwidj 3 hours ago
bluedino 6 hours ago
> you could tell at a passing glance which system was displaying on the screen even if you didn't know what game it was
I always felt the same about the look of PS2 games
StilesCrisis 4 hours ago
I demand Sega Saturn representation in this list!
ryan_n 8 hours ago
I grew up playing diablo II and super smash bros (super nintendo before that!). While I don't have as much time for it these days, gaming couldn't be farther from dead, IMO. There are incredible games and worlds being created both from AAA and indie studios alike.
tayo42 an hour ago
yellowapple 2 hours ago
I've been on-and-off writing a Zig library for writing N64 games and it's indeed pretty wild how getting working code was as simple as telling the compiler to use LLVM's MIPS III target.
Of course, getting working code that actually does anything useful is a much different story (it's taking multiple days just to write the wrappers for RDP commands, for example; lots of cross-referencing between N64Brew wiki pages v. official SGI docs v. libdragon source code v. Peter Lemon's assembly code to figure out what all the different bitpacked fields really mean and how to best represent them), but it still feels magical that I can just use an ordinary toolchain and not some ancient proprietary monstrosity.
dottjt 10 hours ago
How did they do it back in the day? Was basically everything from the tooling etc. just created inhouse from scratch?
spicyjpeg 7 hours ago
The same way it's done now with current generation consoles: the manufacturer would provide you with SDKs and development hardware once you paid them a decent chunk of money and signed an NDA. Prior to the fifth generation it was common for the SDK to be just an assembler, debugger and register-level hardware documentation, leaving the implementation of a kernel and game engine up to the game developer.
Sony however decided to provide a full C toolchain based on GCC as well as a set of very high level libraries that abstracted away basically all aspects of the PS1 [1], all the way up to implementing a ready-to-go 3D engine and MIDI sequencer. This was an unpopular move as the libraries were slow, inefficient and most game developers were used to having full control over the hardware, but it also allowed inexperienced devs to get started quickly (as proven by the thousands of low budget PS1 titles that used the high level APIs) and eventually contributed to the popularity of the console over its peers with worse tooling.
Sony would eventually go on to release some slightly lower level documentation for certain aspects of the console as well as APIs that better mapped to how the hardware actually worked under the hood. It wasn't however until years later that the hardware would be fully reverse engineered at the register level [2], and it took even longer for most homebrew to move away from the official SDK (which only really started happening a few years ago as accurate emulators and homebrew SDKs started popping up).
actionfromafar 5 hours ago
RugnirViking 10 hours ago
Bad_CRC 10 hours ago
The Dreamcast dev kits came with CodeWarrior as an IDE iirc.
inigyou 10 hours ago
They had stuff, but it was all proprietary. The N64 was a stripped-down implementation of the technology used on (high-end) SGI graphics workstations of the time. SGI certainly had all the required tools.
inigyou 8 hours ago
doublerabbit 10 hours ago
Yeah, pretty much.
They provide the devkit hardware, the specification technical documentation and the tool chain to compile the binary.
lordfrito 3 hours ago
Wow the ModRetro units are really polished... Look great with more than a nod to the original system designs.
Anyone know what Nintendo's stance is on the companies making these kind of "brand inspired" retro products?
RankingMember 3 hours ago
> Anyone know what Nintendo's stance is on the companies making these kind of "brand inspired" retro products?
Undoubtedly their legal team is at work 24/7 finding every angle at which to unleash legal hell upon it.
yellowapple 2 hours ago
Companies have been building and selling clones of Nintendo consoles for many years now. I suspect if Nintendo had a legal angle against this they would've exercised it a long time ago.
roboror 2 hours ago
Really? I think the ModRetro M64 is hideous compared to Analogue's 3D (their version of the N64)
coryadams 8 hours ago
"Modretro customer service address and, to my surprise, heard back from the head of publishing within a day."
This makes me want to jump in. But also, I wonder how many people will ever buy and play your game.
Does Modretro's target market buy this type of stuff? Or are they the type to just download and emulator and ROM.
dabluecaboose 6 hours ago
> Does Modretro's target market buy this type of stuff? Or are they the type to just download and emulator and ROM.
Speaking as someone who spent all weekend playing his new M64: Yes, the target market often does buy the cartridge. I've got a brand new copy of Xeno Crisis sitting on my shelf, although Xibalba was a close 2nd. (Tied with Buck Bumble ;) )
That said, there's definitely a crowd that would rather buy a summercart and pirate all their roms. Personally, I'm interested in more thoughtful and intentional electronics, so I'm attracted to the idea of old school "buy the game on a cartridge" mentality.
someperson 4 hours ago
I wonder the dropoff for launch titles versus on-going new releases.
FlavioMacedo 9 hours ago
Great work! I didn't even know it was still possible to publish new games for old consoles like the N64.
101008 8 hours ago
It may be counterintuitive at first, but why wouldn't be possible? It's one of the perks of "offline" hardware without subscriptions or DRM. You build a piece of hardware (cartridge) that attaches to another one (console) and it works. As long as the console works, there shouldn't be a problem.
jackb4040 19 minutes ago
Agree. There is a wall coming for "retro" video game nostalgia once we reach the end of the purpose-specific hardware era. Like, you can build an emulator for WiiWare games, but what does it mean to release a "new" WiiWare game when they're just built using an API like OpenGL which is still being used in new games today? What does following the constraints of an older system like that result in besides just another, lower, quality setting? What does "retro" Fortnite look like in 10 years besides just worse shaders?
chungusamongus 3 hours ago
Nintendo is notoriously litigious.
cubefox 8 hours ago
> It may be counterintuitive at first, but why wouldn't be possible?
For the same reason it wasn't possible at the time for a third-party to make N64 cartridges themselves to avoid Nintendo's fees. But I assume these lockout chips are replicated or circumvented by now.
phoboslab 7 hours ago
inigyou 8 hours ago
chungusamongus 5 hours ago
I consider all homebrew stuff very cool but the number of games emulating PS1 / N64 aesthetics is so massively oversaturated at this point that I'm kind of burned out on it.
But in general, the thing that really impresses me is what people come up with working within these various constraints. Less is more.
Megadrive / genesis homebrew is where it's at for me. But tbh I am honestly kind of clueless when it comes to this stuff. Still trying to get parallax scrolling and foreground occlusion figured out for my "game."
hbn 2 hours ago
> the number of games emulating PS1 / N64 aesthetics is so massively oversaturated at this point that I'm kind of burned out on it.
The point isn't just to be a novelty throwback aesthetic. It's the most accessible way for indie devs to make a 3D game without needing to worry about particularly high quality 3D models and animation.
negative_zero 10 hours ago
Obligatory link to an interview with three of the Goldeneye developers about the development of the game. I found it very fascinating.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=bNN9XhGZ3Yw
(Also The Centre for Computing History YouTube channel is seriously underrated)
ninjin 10 hours ago
Tried to see if it was possible to buy the Rom itself. But it seems like you would need to buy a physical copy at this point:
rightbyte 10 hours ago
Does compatibility with M64 imply N64 compat?
phoboslab 8 hours ago
Yes. The game was mostly developed with an original N64.
The cartridges from Modretro only work on NTSC N64s, though. I'm told the next production run should work on PAL, too.
bakugo 10 hours ago
If you go into the "Specs" tab on the right, it explicitly lists the original N64 as compatible.
ayanb 11 hours ago
Super interesting article - thanks for sharing your journey. As AI slop takes over the internet, well written and original technical content like these will be important.
Also,
2026 web dev: 4MB of JavaScript to render a button. 2026 N64 dev: entire FPS in 1MB
valorzard 12 hours ago
At some point I reallly gotta sit down and play around with Pyrite64, it looks super cool
pelasaco 10 hours ago
if I am not wrong, the game described in this article, is presented in this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gOJUEcKYRk, from Palmer Luckey[1]. Wild this guy find time and energy for this side quest. That's passion.
References: [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer_Luckey
msephton 8 hours ago
Each person that dies by his weapons of war makes him stronger.
ltsSmitty 9 hours ago
Great writeup. Thanks author!
Damjanski 5 hours ago
wowowowowow
TZubiri 7 hours ago
Anyone know a vendor that might sell SummerCart in amateur quantities? Doesn't need to do that specifically, but maybe there's custom low volume board makers, like with 3D printer economics.
dabluecaboose 5 hours ago
Are you looking to make homemade homebrew carts? If the M64 carts are anything like ModRetro's chromatic carts, the boards will be flashable. ModRetro has also stated they're planning on open-sourcing the design, so if we're lucky there could be a large variety of people making flashable blank carts in the near future.
I'm really looking forward to the Epilogue 64 Operator. I have the GB Operator, and it's been amazing to be able to flash romhacks onto carts and play on bona-fide hardware.
someperson 4 hours ago
As open-source hardware they are on AliExpress no problem
crest 8 hours ago
Strange choice to go for a raycaster with sprites on the N64. The hardware is basically begging to be fed textured polygons.
phoboslab 8 hours ago
All geometry is rendered as textured polygons. The raycasting step only determines visibility.
But yes, the N64 isn't particularly well suited for this type of game (or anything 2D, really). I didn't know that when I started the project.
functionmouse 7 hours ago
Raycasters in the modern age are generally an artistic decision, not a technical one.
zuzululu 4 hours ago
what about a playstation/sega saturn game in 2026 ?
Taikhoom2010 8 hours ago
So is Nintendo Online a popular service? I'm curious if I should get it.
stewx 11 hours ago
I am in the process of using Claude Opus 5 to build an N64 game, and it really works. I've written no code and it is able to build a fully functional game.
I got it to write a skill for driving the Ares emulator via GDB Remote Serial Protocol and it uses that for its feedback loop.
Flashtoo 11 hours ago
What do you get out of that? The utility of having the end product (a generated game for an obsolete console) seems pretty small, and personally I would think the fun is in learning about the inner workings of the time capsule that is 90s hardware. Would you mind explaining?
hnlmorg 11 hours ago
Not the OP, but when I was kid I used to draw game level for 8-bit systems back when I wasn’t allowed on a computer (screen time).
My point is, people get enjoyment out of game design too. It’s not just about nerding out on technical specs.
pelasaco 10 hours ago
lucideer 10 hours ago
yellowapple 2 hours ago
While I agree with you, I think it's interesting that LLMs have progressed enough to be able to write working code even for niche and heavily-constrained platforms like the N64. I'm sure it helps that modern toolchains make that easier (I don't expect very many LLMs to be able to put up with the old Windows 9x or IRIX toolchains, to say the least!).
rowanG077 8 hours ago
If your game fits in the bounds of N64 hardware it makes perfect sense IMO. You basically get virtually all modern platforms for free. Much easier than wrestling with all the modern API that are "platform independent" but not really.
gambiting 10 hours ago
I mean, there is plenty of people out there who enjoy the process of making a game(they have a really clear idea of gameplay mechanics they think would be fun when put together) but they really don't enjoy programming at all. I guess it's kinda the same - I Want to see my game happen, I don't want to code it. Which isn't that different from where all the other tools are leading us anyway. Nowadays you can make a video game by just downloading an engine and building everything using the included scripting language most of the time - no need to understand rendering, IO, input or anything else.
There's a time and place for everything.
bilekas 10 hours ago
GlacierFox 10 hours ago
Urgh. Cool story...