The Hacker's Renaissance (2025) (phrack.org)

105 points by yu3zhou4 8 hours ago

stonyrubbish 6 hours ago

I feel like the irony of a post complaining about the death of hacker culture written entirely by ChatGPT pretty well summarizes where we're at.

Escapade5160 4 hours ago

Human effort has hit an all time low.

Joel_Mckay 3 hours ago

There is nothing left for LLM firms to steal, it is a self-correcting problem. =3

ekelsen 5 hours ago

Amen.

bmenrigh 2 hours ago

These sorts of manifesto essays have never resonated with me. To me it never was—- and never has been—- about freedom. It’s about curiosity and knowledge. The essay seems to glorify the bad-old-days of fighting for freedom against corporate control (AT&T, IBM, Microsoft, etc.) as somehow the good-old-days. As far as my technological life goes, we’ve won—- MS, IBM, AT&T are irrelevant.

JSR_FDED 6 hours ago

I think it captures the original motivation and thrill of exploration beautifully. Who doesn’t remember as a kid seeing a blinking cursor and the feeling there was an entire universe to be discovered?

I’m 100% on board with the message of getting back to exploration for its own sake, and that conformity gets in the way of that.

ergonaught 4 hours ago

In ancient days, I printed out the original and hung it on the wall by my computer.

This one I'd regret wasting space in my trash.

vunderba 5 hours ago

From the article

> Then: Phrack was the Rosetta Stone. 2600 was gospel. IRC was sacred ground. Zines were copied, not monetized. We earned respect by contributing tools, ideas, or code, never by chasing clout.

2600: The Hacker Quarterly is definitely not quite what it was decades ago, but I was still so giddy when my first article got published there that I dereferenced a null pointer on purpose.

smelendez 3 hours ago

Nobody back then would have ever said IRC was “sacred ground.” What does that even mean?

And I read 2600 and also occasionally submitted, but it certainly wasn’t treated as gospel. Also of course there was clout chasing — most of the scene was teenagers trying to impress each other!

NitpickLawyer 2 minutes ago

> What does that even mean?

This article is the perfect exemplification of that Good Will Hunting quote: "So if I asked you about art you’d probably give me the skinny on every art book ever written. Michelangelo? You know a lot about him. Life’s work, political aspirations, him and the pope, sexual orientation, the whole works, right? But I bet you can’t tell me what it smells like in the Sistine Chapel. You’ve never actually stood there and looked up at that beautiful ceiling. Seen that."

This article is clearly written by an LLM, so it figures that it uses bad analogies and silly tropes.

vunderba 2 hours ago

Agreed. IRC was for trading shell accounts.... uhhh.... I mean it was strictly to be used for sharing information that was both legal and educational.

Yeah that's it.

lukewarm707 5 hours ago

what hits harder, the fact that this was written by an LLM or inspecting the monospace font and finding cloudflare analytics javascript

bobek 7 hours ago

This resonates. I have just got back to hacking an old flip-dot display after sitting on the shelf for years.

https://www.bobek.cz/buse/

sasaf5 an hour ago

> We used opcode charts like musicians used sheet music.

Maybe like musicians use chord charts? In this analogy, sheet music plays a better role as the program.

ramon156 6 hours ago

this doesnt really reflect the vibe old school hackers give. "solder a wifi module to a calculator" sounds like a cartoon-inspired project.

Why not reference call spoofing (i forgot the name) where they were able to call for no charge because they were able to spoof a real call. that's the kind of hacker vibe i want continued.

inigyou 6 hours ago

The word "hacker" comes from MIT students who would cut up circuit boards with a hacksaw and connect the pieces together in different ways. Soldering a WiFi module to a calculator is very oldschool hacker.

The word you're looking for is phreaking. I must admit, since the title of TFA's website is only two letters away, it's funny you forgot it.

vunderba 5 hours ago

For me, I still tend to use the older definition of “hacker” (not necessarily someone exploiting systems which feels more like a “cracker” to me), but someone who has an innate curiosity about the world around them, and finds interesting ways to solve problems or create new things.

theodric 5 hours ago

Ironically, the guy who soldered a Wi-Fi module to a calculator did so to gain access to AI slop with it https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2024/09/secre...

AuthAuth 5 hours ago

That is not something that should be encouraged. Hacking together projects like a wifi calculator is fun, harmless and builds knowledge. Hacking a phoneline can land a kid in jail. Attacking public infra is not something that should be treated lightly.

ajam1507 5 hours ago

This is exactly the kind of sanitized hacking this article is talking about.

tptacek 5 hours ago

thinking_cactus 38 minutes ago

Retr0id 5 hours ago

Because phreaking in the traditional sense hasn't worked for decades?

detourdog 5 hours ago

Blue box and phreaking.

onoesworkacct 5 hours ago

It was written by ChatGPT which would avoid examples that are explicitly illegal, and would stop short of advocating things that contravene ToS agreements.

Sad.

Who is in charge of this shit now?

hugodan 6 hours ago

Here is an exercise, find one character usage that the original didn't have and that this new one is littered with...

bawolff 6 hours ago

The original phrack was (i'm assuming) 7-bit ascii, so obviously it wouldn't have used characters that aren't ascii...

TacticalCoder 5 hours ago

The text written in LLMish for that Phrack intro uses ASCII characters for everything, including quotes and ellipsis. There's one non-ASCII Unicode codepoint that made it through and it's the telltale sign of LLMish. They also use a monospaced font and ASCII art (well at least ASCII aligned titles) to make it look old-school cool.

Honestly I don't understand how anyone can defend this LLMish garbage.

bawolff 39 minutes ago

technocratius 6 hours ago

Emmm...dash?

stackghost 6 hours ago

Some of us use em-dashes habitually, and did so before LLMs. Call it le ponctuation juste.

H4lcyon 4 hours ago

I'm a professional hacker, and I love what I do, but this is one of the most cringe articles I have ever read. You shouldn't idolize the activities that you do and elevate them to a quasi-religious practice. Can you imagine a plumber or an airline pilot writing a manifesto like this? This happens with a lot of professions, but particularly in tech and ESPECIALLY in the offensive disciplines of cybersecurity. It makes for some of the most insufferable people you can ever interact with. They put all the eggs of their identity into one basket and it makes them overly self-important on that one topic, prideful, snobbish, and insecure. My advice to other hackers: pick up at least one or two other hobbies. Realize that it's not what you do that matters, but how you do all things, and most importantly how you engage with people.

wsintra2022 2 hours ago

Or buy a T-shirt that says.. WWND - and ask yourself.. What would Neo do? /s

tptacek 5 hours ago

The original "manifesto" was a deeply cringe zine article written about a group of people who would go on to run IT security practices at the major I-banks.

This update applies a fresh layer of vaseline to the camera lens: "creators in a world of closed systems", "anarchists with a cause". "Our goal was not destruction." Who are you calling "we"? I was there. It was for the most part a bunch of people trading scripts and running them in the hopes of possibly shutting people's phones off or stealing mail spools.

I'm not high-horsing or condemning 90s hackers. They were teenagers fucking around doing what teenagers do (though: I cough a bit when I read Blankenship writing about how we all "existed without skin color" and not "judging people for what they looked like").

What's insidious about this piece is how they use hagiography to cover for a pure gatekeeping argument. Bug bounties commoditizing vulnerability development to produce CVEs! Why, I never: the audacity to pay teenagers in Indonesia to document vulnerabilities when our forebears had to surreptitiously trade source trees on EFNet to participate in the scene.

This piece was written about 6 months before LLMs upended vulnerability research. What LLMs are going to do to the scene is a can of worms, so let's just put a pin in that, and judge it by the standards of August 2025, which by the standards of 1994 were a golden age of hacking, both in opportunity and in the intellectual depth of the field and the possibilities for engaging meaningfully with computer science.

AtlasBarfed an hour ago

What is striking to me now that we are three years into the LLM revolution is ... there is no foundational software that has resulted. I keep asking where the good software is now that the miracle of LLM programming has entered the firmament.

Companies were always huge piles of proprietary custom code. Slowly what would emerge from those would occasionally be foundational software like ERPs, better databases, better message queues.

What I suspect will happen now is that everyone will simply construct their own distinct stacks of code, or just pile onto the existing proprietary ones inside companies. The "export" of code for general use will functionally disappear.

It's all throwaway, to be wastefully recomputed/rerendered by armies of H100s and only apathetically checked for utility.

I could be proven wrong, I'll know if Linux starts to miraculously close functionality and usability gaps with Windows/OSX, which would be the most visible example of LLM acceleration of development, but it so far has not.

jaypatelani 5 hours ago

Hacker culture is still alive at NetBSD community

ColdStream 5 hours ago

I was about to say, it is still these but pushed tot he outer regions. There are still many Linux distros that have this spirit but they are usually used by maybe a few thousand people at best.

ryan_n 3 hours ago

Man everyone says every article/blog post that is on HN is written by an LLM. Almost every single post.. I actually didn't get strong AI vibes from this one but maybe I just am bad at recognizing. Sure it's a bit cringy but I think that's kinda the point? idk...i like the idea of keeping the culture of exploration of technology just for the sake of it (not to monetize everything) alive.

ekelsen 2 hours ago

You're bad at recognizing it, sorry to say. You might still like the content or even the style, which is fine. But know that it was mostly written by a machine, not a human.

exiguus 2 minutes ago

An em dash does not make the fact that it is written by LLM. Its use alone signals a command of style and precision. Nearly every Newspaper article is written by an LLM, if we follow this logic.

ChrisArchitect 2 hours ago

(2025)

Related discussion then: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44945660

analognoise 7 hours ago

This sounds like ChatGPT.

michael-bey 7 hours ago

>this is not a eulogy, it's a reckoning

100%

gre 6 hours ago

is that why it's impossible for me to read? my brain has read so much llm output that i can only skim it now.

juleiie 6 hours ago

Uh, should have used Claude. Gpt is embarassing.

You won’t get my point so I have to lay it bare: That doesn’t matter. Content counts and not the methods to create it.

nearlyepic 6 hours ago

You’re right. The content sucks, because it was created with an LLM.

juleiie 5 hours ago

lukewarm707 4 hours ago

when i say 'written by an llm' i am skipping a step. it assumes the reader knows that llm style and diction is bad. but of course there are many reasons why it is so bad.

for example, i would describe this article as grandiose, overdramatic and excessively ornate. ironically those styles show a lack of humanity.

it has vanishingly little substance. take "a poetic snapshot of a subculture forming in the shadows". this is meaningless!

it's generic, everything about the article is stating the mean belief. where is the controversy, where is the drama that would justify these massive sentences?

you can also notice that everything about an llm text has this repulsive corporate optimism, a desperation to deliver a redeeming conclusion.

so this article says, the hero meets the challenge in the journey, "We used opcode charts like musicians used sheet music. We owned the stack." oh no. we reached the bottom. but! watch out! because, we will be redeemed, "That spark is hard to find now, but it still lives in the rarest of places". how about this: no it fucking doesn't, the spark is dead, bled out and buried in a block of concrete. end of article.

i studied humanities but i hope that readers of any subject would react the same way.

ares623 5 hours ago

The Hacker Spirit was largely subsidized on the (relatively) high salaries afforded to engineers*.

What happens when that well dries up?

Plus the relative freedom available to said hackers in the past, that is now being choked by the very same tools they've built.

We like to think of ourselves as capable systems designers, coming up with complex reliable/durable/highly-available/distributed systems to be proud of. But we can't stop and think about the only system that really matters in the end.

* Not saying it was 100% the case, nothing ever is, but you can't deny that a large part of historic and modern hacker culture grew from well off places who could afford it. Sure, sure "necessity is the mother of all invention" and all that, but that breeds a different kind of innovation.

Mario970 5 hours ago

The hacker culture in Latin America was largely driven by frustration with the subpar hardware/software options available to the general public, and the financial inaccessibility of better options. So I wouldn't say that financial stability is a prerequisite for hacker culture to thrive.

spaqin 25 minutes ago

That's the main reason why most embedded devices and Android phone hackers (or more recently, ROM developers) are from Russia, Brazil or India. It's more of trying to squeeze more performance from a cheaper option... and having the time to do it. Once you're happy enough (not even perfectly!) with your product and you don't have the time to try to improve it yourself, you just won't.

The hacker culture in the West is more related to creating a thing, and doing everything yourself from scratch on bare metal components - often for the fun and challenge, rather than necessity.

Retr0id 5 hours ago

I see it the other way. Applying the skills to a job is much more lucrative, so most do that instead.

0xSMW 2 hours ago

:( the renaissance: age of slop

basilikum 3 hours ago

Read the original instead of this AI slop:

Another one got caught today, it's all over the papers. "Teenager Arrested in Computer Crime Scandal", "Hacker Arrested after Bank Tampering"... Damn kids. They're all alike.

But did you, in your three-piece psychology and 1950's technobrain, ever take a look behind the eyes of the hacker? Did you ever wonder what made him tick, what forces shaped him, what may have molded him? I am a hacker, enter my world... Mine is a world that begins with school... I'm smarter than most of the other kids, this crap they teach us bores me... Damn underachiever. They're all alike.

I'm in junior high or high school. I've listened to teachers explain for the fifteenth time how to reduce a fraction. I understand it. "No, Ms. Smith, I didn't show my work. I did it in my head..." Damn kid. Probably copied it. They're all alike.

I made a discovery today. I found a computer. Wait a second, this is cool. It does what I want it to. If it makes a mistake, it's because I screwed it up. Not because it doesn't like me... Or feels threatened by me... Or thinks I'm a smart ass... Or doesn't like teaching and shouldn't be here... Damn kid. All he does is play games. They're all alike.

And then it happened... a door opened to a world... rushing through the phone line like heroin through an addict's veins, an electronic pulse is sent out, a refuge from the day-to-day incompetencies is sought... a board is found. "This is it... this is where I belong..." I know everyone here... even if I've never met them, never talked to them, may never hear from them again... I know you all... Damn kid. Tying up the phone line again. They're all alike...

You bet your ass we're all alike... we've been spoon-fed baby food at school when we hungered for steak... the bits of meat that you did let slip through were pre-chewed and tasteless. We've been dominated by sadists, or ignored by the apathetic. The few that had something to teach found us willing pupils, but those few are like drops of water in the desert.

This is our world now... the world of the electron and the switch, the beauty of the baud. We make use of a service already existing without paying for what could be dirt-cheap if it wasn't run by profiteering gluttons, and you call us criminals. We explore... and you call us criminals. We seek after knowledge... and you call us criminals. We exist without skin color, without nationality, without religious bias... and you call us criminals. You build atomic bombs, you wage wars, you murder, cheat, and lie to us and try to make us believe it's for our own good, yet we're the criminals.

Yes, I am a criminal. My crime is that of curiosity. My crime is that of judging people by what they say and think, not what they look like. My crime is that of outsmarting you, something that you will never forgive me for.

I am a hacker, and this is my manifesto. You may stop this individual, but you can't stop us all... after all, we're all alike.

TacticalCoder 5 hours ago

Everything we love about human creativity is being destroyed by AI models and when some of us point it out, we're getting downvoted by an army of AI kool-aid drinkers. It's plain insane.

You downvoters really cannot see what's wrong with a Phrack article written in an insufferable LLMish tone that reads just like a 2026 LinkedIn feed?

You are lost.

detourdog 5 hours ago

Human creativity only dies with the entirety of the human race. As bleak as things may look the simplest thing to do is just not use AI if it bothers you. Focus all your efforts on some great tech based on risc-v. If one does that it would develop an amazing skill set.

I work with tech and the phase of my current development doesn’t leverage AI.

Once I know exactly my needs I will likely start to adopt AI to fill in the details of my plan.

anthk 6 hours ago

>Yet, somewhere the spirit persists. Hidden away in encrypted Matrix rooms, deep inside dead drop Git repositories and onion forums, the real work continues. The underground never died — it just moved to quieter places.

You wish. True hackers wrote HAKMEM https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAKMEM, wrote ZMachine interpreters in PostScript, wrote compilers for the Subleq machine with memory indirection and ran GNU/Linux on it. You pale against Lisp hackers who almost ate Discrete Math books for breakfast.

The PC "hacking" was nothing more than a bunch of kids playing with really underopowered toys.

There's more hacking spirit in Fabrice Bellard and Common Lisp/Scheme books than the whole PC hacking/cracking and phreakign scene.

This is a genuine hacking act:

https://bellard.org/dvbt/

This too:

http://www.erikyyy.de/tempest/

The same with Emacs hackers repurposing the editor for anything. IRC, Email, ZMachine interpreter, music and video player interfaces, web browsers, equation solvers, controlling aiports in Germany as an ATC messaging router (and I am NOT kidding about the last one)...

This might be the craziest achievement from a GNU product ever. Repurpossing a text editor to manage a civil infraestructure:

https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/EmacsStories

kstrauser 4 hours ago

That’s a pretty sweet gate! How long you been keeping it?