Bomb fishing is wreaking havoc on Indonesia's coral reefs (e360.yale.edu)

289 points by speckx 14 hours ago

wraptile 13 hours ago

I'm a scuba diver here in Thailand and you can still see blast fishing damage from decades ago that never fully recovered. It's truly as terrible as the article makes it out to be.

What is interesting is that both Indonesia and Thailand have strong and similar anti blast fishing laws since early 00s that charge 5+ years of prison time.

However, Thailand has been much more successful with taming blast fishing which is practically gone now and the story here is very insightful.

Some of it is due to Thailand's geography and high demand for marine tourism but the biggest push here was EU and US regulation that gave Thailand opportunity to shape up. In 2015 (same year when Thai anti blast laws were codified more strictly) US TIP (trafficking in persons) report down-graded Thailand to tier 3 mostly due to fishing slave workers while at the same time EU's IUU (illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing) issued a yellow card. All of which lead to the biggest fishery reform in Thai history which mostly eliminated blast fishing.

Since then Thailand is back to tier 2 of TIP and got lost the yellow card from EU's IUU. Indonesia never got tier 3 of TIP despite many arguing it should have and never got a card from IUU. Stories like this turn me into a globalization believer - I know it's not perfect but the system is kinda working?

throwaway2037 13 hours ago

Thanks for sharing your first-hand account of diving in Thailand. I think they should aggressively pursue coral planting. They are several projects in Indonesia that have demonstrated excellent results. I volunteered for a day doing coral planting in Bali, Indonesia. As part of the dive, they take you to different parts of the coral reef as it recovers, showing you how it changes year after year. You can see the change with your own eyes.

freefolks 14 minutes ago

Thailand doesn't have the conditions required for corals to thrive. The best, most beautiful coral come from Indonesia.

wraptile 13 hours ago

I agree though we had very mid results here in the Gulf of Thailand while the Andaman Sea side has had more luck. The issue with Gulf of Thailand is that it's just so shallow with avg depth of only 50m and too calm making new coral growth very hard with existing techniques. There's some new promising research on alternative methods of raising coral larva in labs, but I'm not up to speed with that yet and it seems quite complex.

bbondo 12 hours ago

randoomed 8 hours ago

Mossy earth has been doing a (i think quite successful) restoration of an coral area damaged by bomb fishing in indonesia. Here is a 2 year recap of the program and the result: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0bkMhhMHOw

throwaway2037 2 hours ago

no_carrier 4 hours ago

Thais will quite commonly bomb fish their neighbour's dam as often as they feel like it. I'm not convinced that they're also not doing it in the ocean, too. It may be happening away from the main diving sites.

ColdStream 5 hours ago

I'm not surprised that even decades later they have not recovered. It is like old growth forests on the land, once you clear them it can take centuries to recover.

ghm2199 12 hours ago

Is it just a matter of incentives by the government in indonesia? Like is it that bomb fishing in indonesia is incentivized because of, for example, profit margins in fishing vs say tourism?

I know you mentioned Indonesia never got the yellow card it should have and that certainly creates less incentives for them to straighten their act. But I am trying to understand if the government is still largely to blame or not?

wraptile 12 hours ago

> But I am trying to understand if the government is still largely to blame or not?

all blast fishing is a failure of governance so I'd say yes but the fishing cultures here in SEA are so different from anywhere else in the world so it's very hard to govern without strong central body. Lots of cultural, religious, poverty and spiritual stuff mixed into all of that which really complicates things.

IMO Thailand has a much stronger centralized government and just better geography to make enforcement easier. It's mostly mainland with coastlines while Indonesia is mostly islands which are notoriously difficult to govern. So to answer your question, it's probably just that incentives in Thailand go much further due to all of these variables.

markdown 7 hours ago

markdown 7 hours ago

Indonesia gets a free pass for an ongoing genocide, so it's not surprising nobody cares about them breaking coral.

SEJeff 6 hours ago

wlaw15 14 hours ago

Sometimes you learn of an unintended consequence of seemingly good idea wreaking havoc on an ecosystem. I would not put fishing with "plastic bottles filled with explosives" into that category.

pajko 12 hours ago

Had experienced grenade fishing in person on the Vjosa in Albania. Was kayaking when a 20-30(-40?) meters high water column appeared about 300 meters in front of me, accompanied by a big bang. Not cool.

pajko 12 hours ago

Same place, ~200 meters away from my tent: https://i.postimg.cc/5NN9w92m/IMG-20220802-173453-MP.jpg

tescreal 6 hours ago

How did we get to loonie tunes levels of absurdity? I understand dragnet fishing is destructive, but who first decided that dynamite was a good fishing method?

ColdStream 5 hours ago

It is easy thus people will do it. Convenience is the single most potent drug we have ever invented.

Man kind - If we can, we will.

mc3301 3 hours ago

Or avoiding starving.

ColdStream 2 hours ago

auszeph an hour ago

There was a short doco on this in a recent Australian show if anyone is interested

https://youtu.be/EXqPHM7Uauk?t=0&si=-W6-z4L8UEo4KtgS

willmeyers 13 hours ago

This is the repo if people are interesting in this work: https://github.com/ben-williams-ai/Bomb-Fishing

pingou 14 hours ago

"With a bomb dropped once every 62 minutes, the equivalent of three football fields of reef are destroyed each year, according to Williams."

That doesn't sound right.

ryandrake 13 hours ago

I love the American measurement units. How many bald eagles of explosives are needed to destroy three football fields worth of reef?

superbatfish 11 hours ago

The quote you're referring to came from the study's lead author, a Brit. Presumably he was referring to soccer (which everyone else calls "football"). Furthermore, a soccer field and an American football field are reasonably close in area, so it gets the point across in any case.

However, I will now refer to explosives exclusively in units of Bald Eagles when referring to their mass, and "star spangles" when referring to their energy output.

toast0 7 hours ago

BoxOfRain 13 hours ago

This isn't a uniquely American thing to be fair, in the UK it's not unusual to discuss area in terms of football pitches or for very large areas, Wales.

shevy-java 11 hours ago

throwaway2037 13 hours ago

What a low value comment. In this case, a European football (soccer) field/pitch is reasonably close in size to an American football field. If the article had used square feet or acres, your comment might be more relevant. Google tells me that FIFA football pitch size is 105 meters long by 68 meters wide (7140 sq m). American football field size is 110 meters long by 53 meters wide (5830 sq m).

red-iron-pine 12 hours ago

four to five Big Mac's worth.

advanced question for the college types: how many if you supersize it?

thoughtbefore 7 hours ago

cannonpr 14 hours ago

You’d be surprised how vulnerable aquatic organisms are, and how far energy travels in water after an explosion…

franciscop 14 hours ago

I think the point is the opposite, I also expected a lot more damage from a bomb every hour

AlwaysRock 13 hours ago

chinathrow 14 hours ago

I would assume the area was larger than reported. I mean that's 24*365 bombs per year.

deadbunny 14 hours ago

I'd assume the deployment isn't always over reefs?

boringg 14 hours ago

File this under the category "people are f-bomb-ing idiots".

I wouldn't be surprised if social media was spreading this technique as successful way to fish.

dmkolobov 13 hours ago

My first encounter with the concept of bomb fishing was the Shapoklyak episode of the soviet cartoon Cheburashka, produced in the 70s. It's been around.

alwa 11 hours ago

Mine came much later, in the Triplets of Belleville (2003). In case it brings a nostalgic smile to anyone else’s face, too:

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=N0VrHQ-cHUA&

mc32 13 hours ago

Yeah it’s been around for a while but it’s been at the individual level not at the commercial scale which makes the practice way worse.

dghlsakjg 12 hours ago

orbital-decay 12 hours ago

Blast fishing has been practiced since at least early 20th century. Essentially everyone knows about it and understands how destructive it is, no social media required. Some people just don't care.

boringg 11 hours ago

Prevalence and availability is changing. Old technique better distribution on how to.

orbital-decay 11 hours ago

red-iron-pine 12 hours ago

idiots? this is clever af. maximum fish for limited effort.

the coral is a tragedy of the commons things; it's a sweet deal for lazy fisherman.

dghlsakjg 12 hours ago

It IS a successful way to fish if you care about feeding your kids tonight, and not in 10 years.

Fishermen were doing this in Indonesia decades ago. Pretty well known technique.

adjejmxbdjdn 10 hours ago

We need to stop our obsession with exploiting animals.

It’s leading us to do insane things damaging our own health and the environment, nevermind how much suffering it’s causing the actual sentient beings we’re using.

tomasphan 10 hours ago

This is not an obsession with hurting animals. It’s survival and earning a living for these Indonesian fishermen.

To incentivize them to stop you have to give them better options. In this case, teach a man to not fish with explosives and you’ll feed him for the rest of his life.

xp84 8 hours ago

> It’s survival and earning a living for these Indonesian fishermen.

Why make excuses for greedy jackasses? Their ancestors didn't invent this 5,000 years ago and it's the "oNlY wAy they can survive." They fished without bombs once. Some guy realized this depraved method works, so now lazy people choose to do it so they can get money faster than the people fishing legitimately can. That's why it's illegal.

tobyjsullivan 12 hours ago

I wonder if there’s a version of Maslow’s hierarchy that applies to countries/societies.

oasisbob 11 hours ago

Kohlberg's theory of moral development comes to mind.

doodlebugging 8 hours ago

I read the article looking for any mention of how they classified the recorded events as bomb blasts versus impulses from seismic surveying for oil and gas. That region has been very active since at least 2015 with seismic surveys and in 2023, the period covered by the article there were several crews operating.

I know that seismic survey acquisition should be easily identifiable because those shots occur at precise intervals during the survey and continue all day long with no breaks unless there is an equipment failure or other reason to shut down. A 10 second interval would be one common example.

The damages from activities like this are terrible. Using explosives as a seismic sources was banned in the late 1970's I think due to harms done to marine mammals and organisms and the environment in general. Since then, airguns firing compressed air have been the dominant marine seismic source. Depending on the bandwidth of the bubble created and the volume of the airgun array they can also be extremely destructive to marine mammals like whales and porpoises so crews employ biologists as whale watchers in those areas where activity can be expected so that the effects on whales can be minimized.

It is still a serious issue in offshore exploration though.

Bomb fishing is something I would expect to hear about from some redneck coon-ass from Lousyana. I guess that people everywhere figured out how to stun fish to improve catch quantities and some use that as the primary method now. Maybe if deeper waters weren't fished out they could just go further offshore. Once you have foreign fleets dragging up everything in their paths then the only fish left are around the reefs.

KellyCriterion 12 hours ago

For context, a worth-a-read Wikipedia entry regarding the term:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast_fishing

pranav_tech26 13 hours ago

Low-cost acoustic sensors paired with community reporting usually beat complex tech solutions when enforcing marine boundaries in remote areas.

ungreased0675 12 hours ago

It’s hard to believe this is real. Destroying a vibrant ecosystem for a one-time catch is so selfish and shortsighted it’s amazing to me that anyone would seriously consider doing it.

xp84 8 hours ago

They're the same brand of morally-bankrupt pieces of shit who poach elephants all day long just to hack off the tusks to grind into some idiot's superstitious penis pills. Someday they'll all be gone and they'll just shrug and move onto the next appalling way of making a quick buck.

markdown 4 hours ago

People don't poach elephants for penis pills. People poach elephants because poverty is prevalent and they are offered piles of money for tusks.

Expect more elephants to be slaughtered as a result of Elon Musks teardown of USAID.

Someone 10 hours ago

> Destroying a vibrant ecosystem for a one-time catch is so selfish and shortsighted it’s amazing to me that anyone would seriously consider doing it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overfishing#Examples_and_evide... has several examples of prior ‘art’, and I don’t think that list is complete. Herring almost became extinct in the Atlantic in the 1970s, for example.

And that’s only fishing. Other examples include the passenger pigeon, the American bison, and the dodo.

raincole 11 hours ago

What's so hard to believe? Bomb fishing has been a common practice for decades. And poisoning fishing. And electrocuting fishing. Only first-world citizens would find these surprising in the slightest sense.

The difference between the first world and the rest of the world is that the first world has more sympathy for the non-existing, abstract humans from the distant future.

MaxHoppersGhost 11 hours ago

China is doing this with their ghost fleets in south american waters. Just terrible.

shevy-java 11 hours ago

You mean, everyone else is fishing nicely? Are you sure about that?

kridsdale1 12 hours ago

People will do literally anything if they are hungry enough.

thinkingtoilet 11 hours ago

True. However, often times the people benefiting from this are plenty fed.

WarmWash 10 hours ago

It's more like "People will do anything for money"

pishpash 10 hours ago

moomoo11 11 hours ago

are there other sources of food available?

reticulates 11 hours ago

The degree to which this lacks empathy for the struggle to survive that people have the world over is harder to believe. Sincerely, though, all fishing is pretty terrible, we (the rich west) have been overfishing and pillaging the oceans for decades. Even now in peak concern for the environment, we really don’t care nearly enough. If you personally want to avoid contributing to ravaging of the planet, switch to a low impact diet (e.g: only eat chicken, or go vegan).

ungreased0675 10 hours ago

Not to do poverty Olympics, but I once was poor, living on an island, and reliant on fish for a lot of meals. Don’t assume I can’t empathize.

Why so quick to make excuses for selfish and mind-bendingly stupid people? Why are you assigning guilt on the “rich west” for a local practice that is for local consumption? Not every indigenous practice is good. Some are the reason those communities can’t escape poverty. It’s not colonialism or oppression, their problem is stupidity.

xp84 8 hours ago

superbatfish 11 hours ago

>this lacks empathy for the struggle to survive

The article addresses that objection.

koliber 9 hours ago

Bomb fishing is bad. I am surprised that only 3 football field equivalent areas are destroyed per year in a country as vast as Indonesia.

I hate the idea but this article makes me optimistic that other proactive measures that are not mentioned might be restoring a lot more than this.

Read critically.

Ned_Williams 3 hours ago

I can't believe this is still a thing.

asdf333 10 hours ago

yeah maybe lets not do bomb fishing

gpi 10 hours ago

Ricidulous fishing in real life

shevy-java 11 hours ago

Well - bombs sounds fancy. How about those huge trawlers that drag everything out? Does not sound as dangerous as bomb fishing. But destroys more than bomb fishing objectively.

epolanski 14 hours ago

We truly deserve to get extinct. There's nothing but selfishness and greed from Wall Street to San Francisco to the Indonesian fisheries and Indian farms.

quietsignal 14 hours ago

Note that the selfishness of the farmer or fisherman may in certain light differ from the greed of the capitalist, if one’s family endurance depends on it.

TSiege 14 hours ago

If you read the article it’s pretty clear this is greed and short sighted thinking

> While understudied, the incentives for the use of dangerous dynamite fishing are often falsely attributed solely to poverty and desperation. The cost barrier to buying boats, bombs, and detonators means it’s more likely a practice for middle-income fishers, according to experts.

“A combination of factors drives blast fishing, including ineffective enforcement and management,” said Hampton-Smith, highlighting how indiscriminate the explosions are, killing all manner of species, regardless of age, size, or intent.

epolanski 14 hours ago

Those are nothing but excuses.

Destroying habitats and the future of fellow fishermen for short-term gain is just selfishness and greed.

Desperation is no excuse.

TSiege 13 hours ago

eloisius 14 hours ago

horacemorace 14 hours ago

parineum 13 hours ago

Anything beyond ascetic maximalism will be cast as greed to the naturists and malthusians.

There's always someone out there who is going to make the argument.

epolanski 11 hours ago

bamboozled 7 hours ago

It’s wild that people are this dumb.

I’m sure if you told an indigenous tribe you were planning to do this they’d agree that it’s stupid, yet here we are.

bcjdjsndon 14 hours ago

Send them some subsidies from those large American coffers then, and they won't need to

paimapi 14 hours ago

blunt comment but not technically wrong - it's likely poverty and subsistence living that's driving adoption of this 'technique' and much of that originates from a combination of the colonial carve up of Indonesia [0] in combination with the weak and easily exploited position of the country within globalized economic markets [1]

[0] https://law.wm.edu/academics/intellectuallife/researchcenter...

>Centuries of Dutch control produced an ethnic and economic caste system familiar to many colonized peoples. Compared to some imperial powers, Dutch policy was less focused on “Dutchifying” the indigenous population, with most attention paid to resource extraction and maritime strategic advantage.

[1] https://archive.org/details/ahmad-nashih-luthfi-muhammad-fau...

>The short cut to development that the New Order took was highly depending on foreign loans. Consequently, development models were very much shaped by the foreign institutions that became the source of finance for Indonesia. At the end of the 1980s for instance, the World Bank forced for the project for the construction of Kedung Ombo Dam [...] The construction of the Dam had caused thousands of people and tens of villages to be evicted and involuntarily resettled. The Dam became the symbol of prestige for the New Order. When the New Order regime collapsed, the dam was abandoned and gradually left to dry.

Poacher5 14 hours ago

That's addressed in the article? The claim made is that this is more a way of middle-income market-trading fishermen increasing their catch and profit. Those at the bottom can't afford the necessary explosives.

paimapi 14 hours ago

mushi_shi 14 hours ago

joshuaissac 14 hours ago

> it's likely poverty and subsistence living that's driving adoption of this 'technique'

From the article:

> While understudied, the incentives for the use of dangerous dynamite fishing are often falsely attributed solely to poverty and desperation.

> The cost barrier to buying boats, bombs, and detonators means it’s more likely a practice for middle-income fishers, according to experts.

parineum 13 hours ago

heyitsmedotjayb 14 hours ago

I bet many of the people here moaning and whinging eat fish themselves!

kubb 14 hours ago

I bet almost nobody here eats bombfished fish. <0.1%

spindump8930 13 hours ago

> While fishers predominantly use the method to catch fish for sale at local markets — identifiable by their ruptured internal organs and burst swim bladders

The article agrees, assuming "here" is global north tech workers.

heyitsmedotjayb 14 hours ago

No fishers, no food.

kubb 13 hours ago

everdrive 14 hours ago

micromacrofoot 13 hours ago

What's the point of this post? if you're trying to shame people into vegetarianism it's not going to work, and I'm one myself.

There's basically one solution to bomb fishing: make it economically nonviable. You could ban it an punish the people doing it, which is often the immediate action taken and seems like the path being set up here...

but really any money spent on enforcement may be better spent on setting the bomb fishers up with the tools to make a living doing something else — ironically "teach a man to fish"