Babylonian Lamb Stew with Beets (1750–1730 BCE) (babylonian-collection.yale.edu)

149 points by yubblegum 4 days ago

dvh 16 hours ago

Apparently their beets looked the same as ours:

> The kind of beets used in such an ancient recipe should not be different from the beets we use today, even in name. We read in Dictionary of Assyrian Botany (by Campbell Thompson, 1948) that in the ancient Mesopotamian region it was called ‘shumundar,’ it was as red as blood, and has a spinning-top shape (pp. 49, 51).

chakintosh a minute ago

In arabic they are called "Shamandar"

gyanchawdhary 4 hours ago

Intresting. In Hindi/urdu it’s called “chukandar”

rahulmax 3 hours ago

username checks out

thaumasiotes 12 hours ago

If it's any consolation, their lambs were nothing like ours.

This period is early enough that sheep weren't yet sheared.

fsloth 6 hours ago

Oh! So were sheep just for meat back then?

eru 4 hours ago

thaumasiotes 3 hours ago

alephnerd 16 hours ago

The recipe is also similar to Hamedh [0], a delicacy in Iraqi and Baghdadi Jewish households. The only major difference is the addition of tomatoes thanks to the Columbian Exchange, and rice - which would have not been cultivated or traded in West Asia yet.

On that note, in Arabic, Farsi, and Hindustani the word for Tomato is essentially shared (tumatar/tamatimu) with the English word "tomato".

But anyhow, a lot of home cooking and traditional meals actually have a pretty long history.

[0] - https://www.splendidtable.org/story/2000/12/12/hamad-iraqi-b...

culi 5 hours ago

> rice - which would have not been cultivated or traded in West Asia yet

Surprisingly it was still imported in surprising quantities nearly 1000 years before it started to be cultivated. Not significant enough quantities for it to be a common staple, but still an interesting tidbit

ErroneousBosh 2 hours ago

amir_karbasi 13 hours ago

Actually, in Persian, tomato is literally translated as “western plum”. This is common in our language as we usually say “western” or “foreign” as a prefix to many things that were introduced to Iran (strawberries, sit-style toilets, etc)

xattt 10 hours ago

thrdbndndn 10 hours ago

riffraff 12 hours ago

eru 4 hours ago

bitwize 3 hours ago

alephnerd 12 hours ago

dotancohen 9 hours ago

  > On that note, in Arabic, Farsi, and Hindustani the word for Tomato is essentially shared (tumatar/tamatimu) with the English word "tomato".
In the Levant we use the word بندورا "bindora" in Arabic for tomato.

alephnerd 9 hours ago

eikenberry 15 hours ago

Close to a recipe on Tasting History... https://www.tastinghistory.com/recipes/babylonianlambstew Our current favorite dinner watching along with Alton Brown.

Rendello 15 hours ago

I've made this Roman recipe probably a dozen times and everyone who's tried it really likes it [1].

The strange ingredients are garum [2] and asafoetida [3]. The former is just a fish sauce, so that's not hard to substitute, but you have to find asafoetida on the Internet or at an Indian food store.

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LynenQ5h2Y

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garum

3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asafoetida

jamal-kumar 6 hours ago

I can usually find hing (asafoetida) in grocery stores in certain more populous parts of Canada in the spice section, it's quite a good garlic substitute for those who can't do garlic

maxglute 9 hours ago

https://blog.crystalking.com/ancient-roman-food-parthian-chi...

the parthian chicken was stupid easy and tasty

ilc_genesis_01 11 hours ago

Yep, this is a great shoutout and I'm also a big TH fan. If you haven't yet, check it out!

3RTB297 4 hours ago

Came here to mention Max Miller as well. Amazing work putting together historical context and recipes. Always fun, fascinating, and the recipes are generally very approachable.

I've also made the Babylonian stew from this recipe, and it's rich and hearty. It's easy to see how this would knock the...sandals off of ancient people.

Other ancient recipes...let's just say that humans have very much not held the same tastes over the eons. Some recipes were incongruent or sweet and savory in a strange way, or simply a flex about how many spices you had access to and cold throw in a dish, not about what it really tasted like. YMMV.

greatquux 12 hours ago

Yes! Came here to recommend Max. His cookbook is also educational and interesting and some of the recipes are even good! :-)

harel 11 hours ago

Coincidentally this book which has been a labour of love of his creator is going into print this week: https://www.tableofgods.com

It's quite expensive though, but it does look amazing.

ragazzina 2 hours ago

The fact that they promote the preorder of a 200$ book without showing even a single page is crazy.

harel an hour ago

They were sending pages to the people on the kickstarter list, effectively crowd sourcing recipe testing. That was quite clever I thought. And their socials keep showing videos of the actual recipies etc. This is a legit book. It's just a shame that it carries that price tag. I could do with a less "beautiful" version if it was reasonably priced. Maybe a future edition.

alex-moon 2 hours ago

"Rocket, coriander, cumin? Somehow I doubt the Babylonians had Mexican herbs and spices." Turns out I was wrong about where these come from! All three are native to the Mediterranean/Middle East and would certainly have been used in this recipe at the time.

johnohara 4 hours ago

The Babylonian Collection was left to Yale by J.P. Morgan in 1913. His estate at the time was estimated to be worth about $68.3M ($1.59B in 2024 dollars).

When I read that on his wikipedia page I thought "is that all?" I know I'm probably missing a bunch of other considerations, but geez, the 500th spot on the 2024 Forbes World's Billionaires list was shared by multiple individuals worth approximately $5.8B.

comrade1234 16 hours ago

How's the presentation? Just imagining it, it would seem that the meet would have a weird color.

debo_ 15 hours ago

It looks great. When I first saw it, I thought "this color can't be beet"

LastTrain 8 hours ago

OMG perfect :-)

_continuation 9 hours ago

good one

cantalopes 11 hours ago

Gonna be quite challenging to get "1/2 cup of rendered sheep fat"

strken 11 hours ago

In Australia where lamb is more common than in the US, it'd be pretty easy to keep the fat after roasting a lamb shoulder, or to freeze the fatty offcuts from forequarter chops and render them after I had enough.

jp0d 11 hours ago

Lamb is quite popular down here in Australia. I usually keep some rendered fat from my roasts etc. Sometimes I cook other meats with it and it adds heaps of flavour. I do that with pork fat as well.

mermadicsolutio 10 hours ago

I was able to get some tail fat from a halal butcher. But never seen lamb fat anywhere else

s0rce 11 hours ago

if you have a good butcher they might be able to get you some that you can render, but its a hassle. I've done this for beef fat to make some british pie things.

ardit33 5 hours ago

Easy... Just go to a Trader's Joe, and get a lamb leg and roast it....

dyauspitr 9 hours ago

Lamb is usually the red meat of choice, other than pork, almost everywhere besides the US.

hulitu 6 hours ago

You should visit Europe.

pjmlp 3 hours ago

badc0ffee 4 hours ago

dyauspitr 3 hours ago

protocolture 7 hours ago

I cant see why.

bornfreddy 14 hours ago

I think the taste of their beer would have been much different from what we drink today?

0xbadcafebee 14 hours ago

Nutty, aromatic, yeasty, slightly sour. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gK4DMt8ARyU

applicative 14 hours ago

They certainly didn't use hops!

yubblegum 14 hours ago

I'm reading Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones' Babylon - The Biography of a Metropolis which just recently came out, and that's how I ended up hearing about Yale's culinary adventures.

The book, btw, is kind of breezy in style and 'he of many LLs in his name' (Lālu-mullālu in Akkadian as suggested by my friendly AI) uses a lot of contemporary pop (nerdy) references to carry the narrative, yet very engaging and am learning a lot about this fabled city (and civilization).

It sets certain records straight ...

peri-cl 9 hours ago

The source texts are available here, if anyone wants to read the literal translations:

https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/roundtable/ancient-mesopota...

PeterHolzwarth 11 hours ago

What's enlightening is how astonishingly little salt is used, by our standards.

peri-cl 10 hours ago

The ingredient ratios are the Yale researchers' interpretation—they're not from the source text,

https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/roundtable/ancient-mesopota...

> "Like most premodern cooking manuals, the Babylonian recipes rarely list the quantities of each ingredient, and so basic experimentation is needed to determine viable proportions for the assembly of a dough or the salting of a stew. The “experimental” approach likewise offers answers to questions that can only be addressed through trial and error. For example, many of the identifications of herbs proposed by modern scholars are based mainly on medical compendia, and some of the plants thus identified can produce an extremely bitter or perhaps pungent taste when used in food."

Here's the recipes as literally translated (I used tesseract to OCR):

> "Unwinding. Meat is not used. You prepare water. You add fat. (You add) kurrat, cilantro, salt as desired, leek, garlic. You pound up dried sourdough, you sift (it) and you scatter (it) over the pot before removing it."

> "Stew of lamb. Meat is used. You prepare water. You add fat. You add fine-grained salt, dried barley cakes, onion, Persian shallot, and milk. [You crush] (and add) leek and garlic."

> "Elamite broth. Meat is not used. You prepare water. You add fat. Dill, kurrat, cilantro, leek, and garlic bound with blood, a corresponding amount of sour milk, and (more) garlic. The (original) name (of this dish) is Zukanda."

> "Tuh’u. Leg meat is used. You prepare water. You add fat. You sear. You fold in salt, beer, onion, arugula, cilantro, Persian shallot, cumin, and red’ beet, and [you crush] leek and garlic. You sprinkle coriander on top. [You add] kurrat and fresh cilantro."

lettergram 10 hours ago

If you like this, you may like the "Tasting History" YouTube channel - https://www.youtube.com/@TastingHistory

He basically covers a different historic dish every week ranging from the oldest recorded dishes to cafeteria food from 1990; or what they served on the Titanic, etc.

It's a great channel, and covers history well.

mermadicsolutio 10 hours ago

Honestly the recipe sounds like adding beets to a regular lamb stew recipe. If I havent watch this video and saw the dish, I would think some fancy restaurant is trying to be "innovative"

lorenzohess 5 hours ago

Bears,Beets

culi 5 hours ago

Babylon Galactica

analog8374 15 hours ago

I dislike lamb but the rest sounds great. Maybe I could sub beef.

dyauspitr 9 hours ago

I mean, this had to be a dish for royalty or something right? How on earth that they have all of those fresh and dried ingredients on hand 4000 years ago.

tensor 7 hours ago

No, it's common. People today have no idea how truly poor they eat. Modern fast food is essentially fake food paste.

globular-toast 3 hours ago

Which is a shame because you can eat so well today you can easily skip the dead animal carcass. They couldn't really do that back then in many places with short growing seasons.

dyauspitr 3 hours ago

stackghost 3 hours ago

ardit33 5 hours ago

2/3rds of those herbs grow in the garden of my home as just weed (this in Albania), including mint, cilantro, origano and more.

While some have to be cultivated, a lot these herbs just grow as weeds in the Mediterranean area.

sophacles 8 hours ago

Most of them seem like a pretty common kitchen garden to me.

And all of the plants are native to that area, or close enough that people who had been farming for a few thousand years at that point would have brought them from neighboring lands to use.