Starfall – Affordable, routine access to microgravity (spacex.com)
238 points by gmays 16 hours ago
tagami 13 hours ago
We've run a dozen missions in LEO aboard the ISS. Any steps to remove the friction to launch and increase the cadence is a good thing. Spending a few weeks in LEO missions like this typically land in the Australian outback
We do education outreach to K-16 learning institutions around the world. There are many things that can be studied in the near absence of gravity. Fluids are a huge area of research (surface tension, sedimentation, etc). We germinate seeds and look for genetic changes, people study brain organoids, artificial retinas, crystals, et al
roughly 10 hours ago
Yeah, I’m not mad at this. There’s a lot around SpaceX that makes it hard to really see what an offering from them is*, but this actually looks legitimately interesting - a way to run medium-to-long-term microgravity experiments with a proper data uplink and power structure could be a real boon for a lot of interesting science. Turning microgravity into a purchasable commodity, instead of something you need a specialized project for, is genuinely one of those “human capacity building” things.
* (definitely feel free to fill in the seventy volumes of dialogue I left out of this comment in the replies, though)
areoform 13 hours ago
Howdy Ted! It has been a while! Hope you're doing well! Glad that you're still at it. SSGL misses you! <3
nomilk 12 hours ago
Any indication what the price difference might be? (e.g. 20% less, 50%, 90%!?)
I read that SpaceX's engines deliver a bit more thrust at a bit less mass than NASA engines. But the kicker was SpaceX's were 1/200th the cost. From the cost angle it's very interesting observing space activities going from mostly public to mostly private.
syntaxing 14 hours ago
Space datacenters sounds dumb and impractical to me. Manufacturing semi conductor in space is actually a pretty interesting idea. I designed a few PVD, CVD, and IBE machines before. Ion thrusters from NASA are what semi conductors use as their source anyway. I can see the business proposition for processes like MBE that requires -12 pressure. It takes days, if not weeks to pump a chamber to those values.
Yizahi 6 hours ago
Given the current state of the lift industry and price per kilo, it is economically unfeasible to manufacture or mine anything in space if it needs to be transported down or up the gravity well of any planet. Not even chips.
solyin 4 hours ago
What if zero g is the best or only place to manufacture something? Varda grows crystals in space to make medicine that works better than when grown in a gravity well.
Yizahi 2 hours ago
jareklupinski 3 hours ago
> it is economically unfeasible to manufacture or mine anything in space if it needs to be transported down or up
leave it in space then; massive star ships shouldnt need to come down to planets anyway
IAmBroom 2 hours ago
kamaal 3 hours ago
>>it is economically unfeasible to manufacture or mine anything in space if it needs to be transported down or up the gravity well of any planet
Hydrolysis can be used to make Hydrogen, so as long you have enough ice. You fill it up with fuel needed to go up again, and send in down with the gravity well with the payload.
metalman 4 hours ago
economicaly unfeasable for you perhaps, but what Elon is offering is a chance to be in the first wave of routine commercial access to microgravity, 1000kg mass and durration of your choice, and if you can achive the materials science objective to make something, that wasn't, possible, and have a market, then it's just manufacturing, and for many business concerns, negative data is worth the same as positive, because it refines where to put there research efforts, which there competition will have to guess at.again 1000kg's , crazy!, makes building the module SO EASY, mass to BURN baby, go! go! go!
oliculipolicula 13 minutes ago
reissbaker 14 hours ago
FWIW, given how many places in the U.S. are passing datacenter bans, I'd expect space-based datacenters to make a lot more sense over the coming years just because it'll be illegal to build them anywhere else.
DrewADesign 13 hours ago
The world is a very, very large place and I have a hard time imagining space would be an easier place to do anything. Nobody wants to live near petrochemical factories or aluminum smelters, either, but we’ve got lots of petrochemicals and aluminum. SV execs shredded any chance of cheap public cooperation by presenting like cartoonishly evil, patronizing, greedy big corporate bad guys from some shitty legal dramedy. They need to learn from their mistakes, develop some humility, and approach people with a serious financial proposition, like the oil industry in Alaska. That’s not as cheap as it could have been if they didn’t start out acting like scaled-up shady local real estate developers trying to build condos on protected wetlands, but it will absolutely be a lot cheaper than space.
vasco 10 hours ago
mike_hearn 7 hours ago
azan_ 13 hours ago
overfeed 11 hours ago
> FWIW, given how many places in the U.S. are passing datacenter bans
If you have the technical chops to set up a data center in space — with no connections to the electrical grid or municipal water, you can use your technology to build your data center with the same specs right here on earth in 90% of places that you think are issuing "bans". You'll also get much better cooling for free via convection.
A remote town with a population of 43 will be happy for a data center to employ 2 locals, but data center operators aren't doing that today because they want tax breaks tiny towns can't give, infrastructure tiny towns don't have, nevermind a well-armed police force to deter would-be GPU thieves. Space is a red herring.
mike_hearn 7 hours ago
robotresearcher 10 hours ago
bryan_w 10 hours ago
thayne 11 hours ago
I think the data centers would get a lot less push back if they were built using new solar and/or wind power in places that have abundant water, and maybe further away from residential areas. Yes that is more expensive than what they are doing now, but it is still almost certainly cheaper than building in space. Heck, putting data centers in the ocean is probably cheaper than space.
gmerc 13 hours ago
It’s still cheaper to build in a completely undeveloped desert with no neighbors and costly utility hookups than space. By orders of magnitude. That gap will never be materially close.
Space datacenters are just SDI2, a convenient bullshit to be able to funnel more money to campaign donors.
As long as there’s space on earth, Space Datacenters can never be economical. It’s rally that simple.
hackeraccount 2 hours ago
hparadiz 12 hours ago
nradov 13 hours ago
I don't support data center bans but even if that happens in the US I'm pretty sure some other countries will welcome them. For AI inference workloads the network latency doesn't matter.
reaperducer 13 hours ago
dopa42365 13 hours ago
Nah, they'll just bite the bullet and build the data centers in remote Canada or Finland or somewhere else no one's complaining (ignore Greta as per usual) and tap into the local hydropower resources. Might take a tad longer and cost slightly more money than in [quasi-lawless US state], but other than that, no problem. Aluminium smelters (basically a solid form of electricity export) in Quebec and Siberia have been doing that for decades already (like 20GW private-ish hydropower).
jltsiren 11 hours ago
devilsdata 13 hours ago
paxy 12 hours ago
If cities are banning datacenters, we can
a. put them a few miles outside urban centers
b. put them in space
Which is a cheaper, better option?
victorbjorklund 10 hours ago
Feels like it would be cheaper and easier to put a data center on a platform/ship in international water than in space.
Also pretty sure there will always be empty land somewhere on earth where no one cares. It will always be easier to build and maintain even in a desert than in space.
mike_hearn 7 hours ago
nonethewiser 13 hours ago
You aren’t necessarily wrong but thats a dumb reason for space data centers to be good ideas.
shit_game 8 hours ago
This is a ridiculous take. The reason that "people" are floating the idea of placing datacenter in space - despite the MASSIVE downsides present (cooling, maintenence, latency, availability, cost, etc.) is because you can't firebomb a datacenter thats in space as easily as you can one thats in your suburb. The regulatory friction behind a datacenter buildout is a low concern, and something that is "affordable" for hyperscalers and billionaires. Buying someones farm and building a private powerplant is small potatoes. But being terrestrial, angry people can show up and destroy it if they feel so inclined. It's much, much harder for angry plebs to launch something into orbit and then hit a moving target.
lenerdenator 12 hours ago
You could probably see some of those bans reversed. You just need to have companies go into communities and act like they're a multi-trillion-dollar company instead of begging for tax abatements and shoving off the cost of the infrastructure on the people who feel like they might lose their jobs from AI.
m3kw9 11 hours ago
they are not gonna law itself back to stone age by making data centers illegal, it's just too much money, security implications to chain yourself up just because a few politicians wants a few votes and "enviromentalists" demands it. Don't forget there are people that are ok with data centers.
senordevnyc 13 hours ago
I don't really understand this perspective. The margins for data centers are such that they could pay massive subsidies to state and local governments and put them in the middle of nowhere with BTM power, and almost all that opposition would evaporate overnight. And you'd still come out way ahead of space-based DCs. They're not doing this yet because they don't have to.
tristanj 10 hours ago
Low Earth Orbit isn't suitable for unpressurized/exposed semiconductor manufacturing for two main reasons: 1) it's not a true vacuum 2) worse, the atmosphere at that altitude is mostly atomic oxygen (O), which is extremely reactive and oxidizes everything
From Wikipedia, at 300km the atmosphere is around 80% atomic oxygen https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Msis_atmospheric_com...
15155 14 hours ago
Is it dumb and impractical when NIMBYs and folks directly opposed to your political agenda want to prevent any and all terrestrial datacenter development?
bubblemoth 12 hours ago
Yes, it is still easier to find somewhere else on earth.
nsxwolf 12 hours ago
What’s wrong with not wanting a datacenter in your backyard?
bamboozled 8 hours ago
NamlchakKhandro 13 hours ago
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Nevermark 10 hours ago
On Earth we have optimized for: single core speed, multi-core speed, performance/energy, low demand (for mobile), and performance/energy, high demand (data centers).
A new dimension to optimize for, that space is going to incentivize, is highest stable operating temperature.
Higher temperature operation sheds heat energy via radiation much faster.
Some post-silicon substrate research is aimed at wafers that can operate at extremely high temperatures.
I imagine given how often materials research pulls a rabbit out of a hat, there is a lot of head room for temperature.
AnthonyMouse 9 hours ago
> Higher temperature operation sheds heat energy via radiation much faster.
Isn't this what heat pumps are for? Then you can run the radiators at higher temperatures without needing to run the electronics at those temperatures.
amluto 4 hours ago
adrianN 7 hours ago
3RTB297 11 hours ago
It makes sense on paper.
Power and heat radiation are the solved problems at scale in LEO. 50+% of solar energy is attenuated by the atmosphere, so panels can be huge and thin and flimsy in zero-G and get twice as much power as on the ground. Space-Based solar power plants are being actively explored by the US, UK, Chna, and Japan. The real hitch is how to send the power to the ground via microwave without also needing a receiver 20+ km across that lightly crisps birds flying above it.
If the thing that needs the power is in orbit already, all you're doing is sending data, something Starlink already has figured out.
The impractical part is shielding, maintenance, and a modular design that can be remotely maintained from the ground. When you're already running a high-cadence launch schedule, those costs and issues narrow, and you can swap out a component within days.
Again, it makes sense on paper. It might not be more practical than a data center on the ground, but there would be trade-offs.
jdhwosnhw 10 hours ago
The attenuation is less than 50% at the wavelengths used by solar panels.
What’s the practical solution to heat radiation that doesn’t require running your chips at infeasible temperatures?
snowchaser 10 hours ago
One thing that I haven’t seen represented as a risk in space based datacenters is the satellite reentry debris pollution. We are essentially allowing a constant rain of heavy metals, silicon, arsenic, and other nasty things if this idea goes to scale.
Even if all the technical issues can be worked out, which I doubt, the incentives are there to pump as many as possible up there. I don’t think we want to live with that raining down on us all.
mkesper 6 hours ago
Heat radiation is not solved at all due to (almost) lack of atmosphere. Look at ISS, enormous panels to radiate the heat away for an energy budget of only 170kW.
asdff 11 hours ago
Any out there methods to send energy down besides rf? Chucking battery down? Dangling catenary wire to a high altitude battery plane?
whycombilater 5 hours ago
Space datacentres are an extremely silly idea.
aaron695 10 hours ago
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MPSimmons 19 minutes ago
It mentions that it provides weeks of power, presumably with solar on top - does it just passively decay or is there a prop system on this as well?
areoform 13 hours ago
So there are a few breakthrough therapeutics that rely on samples crystallized in microgravity. One of them is Keytruda or Pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inihibitor used as a neo-adjuvant in cancer therapy.
Historically, there was an issue with dosing pembrolizumab, as the manufacturing process was creating large uneven crystals that required physicians to process at the clinic to ensure proper dosing, but in microgravity? The crystallization is just gorgeous. absolutely beautiful
Take a look at this image, https://issnationallab.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/merck_...
Left hand side are the crystals grown on the ground. Right hand side is 0g.
That change made it possible to turn it into a safe injectable that patients could take at home. And they were able to recreate those conditions on Earth, https://issnationallab.org/iss360/merck-lab-publishes-pembro...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6889310/
This is more of a scientist said at a conference to another scientist kind of story, but apparently, they got some seed crystals from the ISS that are now used on Earth.
https://techconnectworld.com/World2025/a.php?i=602
You can do a lot more than make just seed crystals. It turns out that cells in our body are inside of a 3D environment with forces / tension acting in all directions. When you smoosh these in a lab (very literally) and try to observe how a drug behaves in a model cell / model organ, then it doesn't have the same physical constraints acting on it. BUT in 0g that's different. In 0g, cells behave slightly more similarly to how they behave in vivo and that could be a huge difference maker for drug discovery.
One breakthrough drug alone is worth more to humanity than what the ISS has cost across its lifespan.
https://iafastro.directory/iac/paper/id/89939/abstract-pdf/I...
ortusdux 22 minutes ago
I remember mention of hollow core fiber optic strands being an ideal thing to produce in zero-G. Have the issues with terrestrial production been mostly solved?
czhu12 15 hours ago
Quite a bit of money have been raised on the premise that certain things can be easier to make in space than on earth due to gravity, which creates sedimentation
Semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, solar cell crystals, and artificial organs are on the short list. The International space station actually has done some experiments on this premise with promising results
Qworg 14 hours ago
I wonder where this leaves Varda? Tough to win when your ride is also your competitor.
rickdeckard 7 hours ago
> "I wonder where this leaves Varda?"
Not in a comforable position I'd say.
FWIW, the main supplier of iPod components in the era of the iPod nano was Samsung, and the main competitor for MP3 Players as well.
The big problem this time is probably that your supplier is the one with the reality-distortion field, not you...
fnordpiglet 13 hours ago
Yah I’m also interested in the implications here. Varda is an awesome company and I would have hoped they saw a great exit for such great engineering.
Hamuko 8 hours ago
I think that problem also somewhat applies to ICEYE, since they're making a Starshield competitor, but as far as I know, they ride on SpaceX missions.
misiti3780 13 hours ago
was thinking the same thing. they have raised a lot of $ also
ericd 11 hours ago
One of the most interesting things about SpaceX, they just keep adding to their stack of internal capabilities. And with those capabilities, more and more things become doable for them that most can't do.
hn_submit 2 hours ago
I'm curious as to when the first space-grown semiconductor crystals will be put to use in fabs and what the possibilities are.
Will this mean that only governments and the military can afford to purchase next generation semiconductors which need ultra-pure silicon?
Tomte 9 hours ago
Don‘t forget that for some experiments https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallturm_Bremen is a viable low-cost option.
efskap 7 hours ago
Oh they called drop towers out.
dakial1 15 hours ago
Here is something that I never imagined there was a use case for. Anyone has any idea of the commercial needs for such a device?
itishappy 15 hours ago
Material science and manufacturing are two that have always seemed interesting to me, particularly monocrystalline stuff like semiconductors, optics, and metallurgy.
solyin 13 hours ago
Varda uses the low gravity environment of space to create medicines that work better than when they're made on Earth.
dopa42365 13 hours ago
vessenes 15 hours ago
There's a lot of fundamental science to be done in space; some forms of crystal are much easier to grow, chemical reactions and biological interactions etc. etc. For reference, it wasn't long ago NASA was trying to figure out if spiders could form webs in space.
psunavy03 14 hours ago
Spoiler alert: they can.
kbutler 13 hours ago
"When gravity is involved, the golden orb spiders will happily build their asymmetrical webs, and sit facing downwards waiting for prey. In space, their webs were more symmetrical, however when there was light, the spiders used it as a reference point and built their webs as if the light was the opposite to 'downwards'."
https://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-what-happens-to-spiders-... (with video)
Fordec 12 hours ago
The primary one I've been sold on is types of crystal growth is just better up there. But due to the excess expense, the only thing that fits the bill is experimental edge case pharmaceuticals that have massive price tags that insurance mostly covers.
If the automation improves far beyond what we currently have available, maybe this means microchip manufacturing in the future, but we aren't at all there yet from the fab side of the equation.
antonvs 14 hours ago
This is an old idea, dating back to at least the 1940s. Many experiments have already been done in microgravity environments.
In the 1960s, they used sounding rockets to do experiments on how molten metals solidify in microgravity, with manufacturing applications in mind.
In the 1970s, they ran experiments, also on sounding rockets, on melting and solidifying materials without letting them touch a container: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840059952
More recently, many microgravity experiments have been performed on the International Space Station. Experiments were done on protein crystal growth aboard the ISS in 2000, just a couple of years after it was launched. (I think it took some time to get the experimental facilities up and running.)
Here’s an assortment of links on the subject, starting with a good overview:
https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/applications-within-re...
https://issnationallab.org/research-and-science/space-resear...
https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/the-benefits-of-microg...
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200001550
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150023126
https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/manufacturingscience/...
politician 14 hours ago
drivebyhooting 15 hours ago
It sounds like a super villain weapon.
If you manufacture there how do you recover it?
Polizeiposaune 15 hours ago
The Starfall capsule has enough deltaV to deorbit, a heat shield, and parachutes.
So you tell them where to deliver it (anywhere on the planet that its orbit goes over..), they tell you when it will be arriving, and it reenters and lands there.
Article about a recent test (launched on a Falcon 9):
https://www.afrl.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/4629122...
mrheosuper 12 hours ago
Do they offer same day delivery ?
temp123477 9 hours ago
ceejayoz 15 hours ago
> If you manufacture there how do you recover it?
The graphic shows it reentering the atmosphere.
Bluebird803 15 hours ago
Presumably the same way we have always recovered payloads from space. Heat-shield + parachute. I'm assuming there would be some capability to do a retrograde maneuver so that the re-entey can be done when and where desired, rather than leaving it to the whims of pure drag.
undefined 15 hours ago
itishappy 15 hours ago
You're not wrong! It looks that way because it's a reentry vehicle. You put this thing in a low orbit which decays over the course of a few weeks until it eventually falls from space, then you go find it.
Tuna-Fish 12 hours ago
They have thrusters and do controlled re-entry, at a location of their choosing.
The uppermost parts of the atmosphere are very dynamic, with changes in solar activity causing them to contract and expand on a scale of hours. And this is very significant for the amount of drag felt by re-entering objects. Because of this, if you slowly deorbit something naturally through drag, you are not going to be able to pick the destination, or even know where it ends up until very close to it falling down. So instead you intentionally lower the perigee so that it deorbits in a controlled manner.
itishappy 12 hours ago
bamboozled 14 hours ago
Doesn't sound dangerous at all.
itishappy 12 hours ago
Pedro_Ribeiro 13 hours ago
undefined 15 hours ago
anukin 14 hours ago
This is amazing. Especially for biotech. A robot can do biotech in microgravity.
joshspankit 12 hours ago
Just reading the headline I was expecting this to be some sort of health subscription
GenerWork 12 hours ago
It did mention medications. Perhaps pharmaceutical companies will charge 20% more for medications that are produced in space vs those produced on Earth?
the_cat_kittles 10 hours ago
i trust dan gelbart who is very skeptical that there are many really viable uses of manufacturing in space
cozzyd 14 hours ago
It would be nice if SpaceX published GNSS pseudodistance/carrier phase from all Starlink satellites. It would give excellent realtime tomographic information about the ionosphere...
drusepth 10 hours ago
This sounds cool but I don't think I can eat microgravity.
gustavus 15 hours ago
Here's the thing I might not love Elon or everything he does and there are plenty of things to disagree with him about and I won't comment on him as a person
But I remember watching live when they launched a Tesla into Orbit, was it dumb, was it pointless and potentially wasteful? Sure, but that moment seeing humanity once again reach out to the stars I could feel it deep in my bones the space race was starting again.
Sure have lots of problems down here but the eternally yearning of humanity to extend out our hands to grasp the cosmos, to touch heaven is a pursuit I think highly worthwhile.
batperson 15 hours ago
There's that one photo with a dummy driver in a red tesla and in the background you can see the earth. I think it's one of the best photos ever, part of it is the absurdity of the fact that it exists at all.
titzer 14 hours ago
He denied it, but it was absolutely a reference to the opening sequence to the cult classic Heavy Metal.
undefined 14 hours ago
aliasxneo 14 hours ago
We just need someone who can pass the purity test and then we can all celebrate these things. Until then we're not allowed to feel happy about it.
trismus 14 hours ago
Seig heils do fail my purity test. I think the bar is reasonable and he has spectacularly failed to clear it.
bamboozled 14 hours ago
Purity tests, the guy has indirectly killed hundreds of thousands if not millions of kids through the cancellation of US AID and you're calling this a "purity test", maybe go fuck yourself ?
richwater 17 minutes ago
tohnjitor 14 hours ago
qwerpy 12 hours ago
aliasxneo 14 hours ago
jtari3333 15 hours ago
Elon turning the concept of space into the vanity project of a mentally unstable man child kinda sucks though. Makes it hard to give a shit knowing he is personally profitting from it.
hackyhacky 15 hours ago
Not just profiting from it, but then reinvesting that money into subverting democracy
_dark_matter_ 15 hours ago
psunavy03 14 hours ago
andsoitis 8 hours ago
> Here's the thing I might not love Elon or everything he does and there are plenty of things to disagree with him about and I won't comment on him as a person.... humanity once again reach out to the stars I could feel it deep in my bones the space race was starting again.
No need to caveat / apologize for things you admire.
undefined 14 hours ago
undefined 14 hours ago
everyone 14 hours ago
Yes, he turned space from an obscure realm of nerds into a cringe man-baby grifter domain.
desireco42 12 hours ago
You can hate this man but he is doing things others don't even dream about. He almost makes them look easy.
Looks cool and if they could make chips in space, it will be beyond crazy. It will be over time and way over budget but in the end will be insanely profitable.
temp123477 9 hours ago
Who am I meant to hate that is doing things?
desireco42 12 hours ago
He essentially put a price on this, and now you can just factor this into manufacturing and if something can be made there and numbers make sense, it will be made there.
everyone 14 hours ago
Why is it called microgravity and not freefall? Cus afaik you are experiencing almost the same force of gravity as you would on the surface, you are just constantly falling.
BHSPitMonkey 8 hours ago
Among other reasons, because it's not specific enough. Skydiving is also free-falling yet it's not at all the same conditions you experience on the ISS. And it would be even more confusing to describe an object on a trans-planetary injection or a free trajectory between stars as "freefalling", since you've removed the singular frame of reference you need to "fall" toward.
whalesalad 15 hours ago
worlds most expensive colocation rack
PivoGraph 12 hours ago
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loefflerlabs 14 hours ago
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angoragoats 15 hours ago
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nonethewiser 13 hours ago
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vlovich123 13 hours ago
Space is 12% of their overall revenue for Q3 2026 down from 20% in 2025 due to AI outpacing connectivity and space (connectivity is also more valuable than space). Investing in SpaceX is investing in an AI and ISP company that has a slightly profitable space R&D lab.
azan_ 13 hours ago
Bullish*
senordevnyc 13 hours ago
lol, you obviously don't have kids if you think that's the kind of stuff they ask you.
y1n0 13 hours ago
Maybe their kids are gifted.